महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-91, verse-28

निगृहीतादमात्याच्च स्त्रीभ्यश्चैव विशेषतः ।
पर्वताद्विषमाद्दुर्गाद्धस्तिनोऽश्वात्सरीसृपात् ॥२८॥

28. nigṛhītādamātyācca strībhyaścaiva viśeṣataḥ ,
parvatādviṣamāddurgāddhastino'śvātsarīsṛpāt.

28. nigṛhītāt amātyāt ca strībhyas ca eva viśeṣatas
parvatāt viṣamāt durgāt hastinaḥ aśvāt sarīsṛpāt

28. nigṛhītāt amātyāt ca strībhyas ca eva viśeṣatas
parvatāt viṣamāt durgāt hastinaḥ aśvāt sarīsṛpāt

28. One should be cautious of a subdued minister, and especially of women. Also, one should be wary of a rugged mountain, a fortress, an elephant, a horse, and reptiles.

Words meanings summery:

• निगृहीतात् (nigṛhītāt) - from a subdued (minister) (from the controlled, from the restrained, from the subdued)

• अमात्यात् (amātyāt) - from a minister (from a minister, from an associate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• स्त्रीभ्यस् (strībhyas) - from women (from women, to women)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एव (eva) - especially (intensifier with 'viśeṣatas') (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• विशेषतस् (viśeṣatas) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically)

• पर्वतात् (parvatāt) - from a mountain (from a mountain, from a hill)

• विषमात् (viṣamāt) - from a rugged (mountain) (from the uneven, from the difficult, from the rugged)

• दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from a fortress (from a fort, from a difficult place, from a stronghold)

• हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - from an elephant

• अश्वात् (aśvāt) - from a horse

• सरीसृपात् (sarīsṛpāt) - from a reptile (from a reptile, from a creeping animal)

Words meanings and morphology

निगृहीतात् (nigṛhītāt) - from a subdued (minister) (from the controlled, from the restrained, from the subdued)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nigṛhīta

nigṛhīta - controlled, restrained, subdued, captivated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'grah' (to seize, hold) with prefix 'ni' (down, in).

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'amātya'.

अमात्यात् (amātyāt) - from a minister (from a minister, from an associate)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of amātya

amātya - minister, counsellor, associate, companion

From 'amā' (at home) + suffix 'tya'. One who stays at home with the king.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

स्त्रीभ्यस् (strībhyas) - from women (from women, to women)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Also dative plural. Context indicates ablative.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

एव (eva) - especially (intensifier with 'viśeṣatas') (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

विशेषतस् (viśeṣatas) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically)

(indeclinable)

From 'viśeṣa' (distinction, specific) with suffix 'tas' (indicating 'from' or 'in respect of').

पर्वतात् (parvatāt) - from a mountain (from a mountain, from a hill)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill, rock, elevated ground

विषमात् (viṣamāt) - from a rugged (mountain) (from the uneven, from the difficult, from the rugged)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, rugged, dangerous, rough, adverse

From 'vi' (apart) + 'sama' (even, equal).

Note: Agrees with 'parvatāt'.

दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from a fortress (from a fort, from a difficult place, from a stronghold)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of durga

durga - difficult to access, fort, stronghold, wilderness, obstacle

From 'dur' (bad, difficult) + root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'a'.

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - from an elephant

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hastin

hastin - elephant (one having a trunk/hand - hasta)

From 'hasta' (hand, trunk) + suffix 'in'.

अश्वात् (aśvāt) - from a horse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

सरीसृपात् (sarīsṛpāt) - from a reptile (from a reptile, from a creeping animal)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sarīsṛpa

sarīsṛpa - reptile, serpent, any creeping animal

From root 'sṛp' (to creep) with reduplication and suffix 'a'.

Root: sṛp (class 1)