महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-88, verse-4

ग्रामे यान्ग्रामदोषांश्च ग्रामिकः परिपालयेत् ।
तान्ब्रूयाद्दशपायासौ स तु विंशतिपाय वै ॥४॥

4. grāme yāngrāmadoṣāṁśca grāmikaḥ paripālayet ,
tānbrūyāddaśapāyāsau sa tu viṁśatipāya vai.

4. grāme yān grāmadoṣān ca grāmikaḥ paripālayet
tān brūyāt daśapāya asau sa tu viṃśatipāya vai

4. grāmikaḥ grāme yān grāmadoṣān ca paripālayet tān
asau daśapāya brūyāt sa tu vai viṃśatipāya brūyāt

4. The village headman (grāmikaḥ) should supervise any village offenses (grāmadoṣān) that occur in the village. He should report these to the officer in charge of ten villages (daśapāya), and that officer, in turn, should report them to the officer in charge of twenty villages (viṃśatipāya).

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village (in the village, in a village)

• यान् (yān) - which (which, whom, those which)

• ग्रामदोषान् (grāmadoṣān) - village offenses (village faults, village defects, village offenses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ग्रामिकः (grāmikaḥ) - the village headman (village headman, village officer)

• परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - should supervise (should protect, should supervise, should guard, should maintain)

• तान् (tān) - them (the offenses) (them, those)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should report (should speak, should tell, should report)

• दशपाय (daśapāya) - to the officer in charge of ten villages (to the lord/officer of ten (villages))

• असौ (asau) - that (officer) (that (person), he)

• स (sa) - he (the daśapa) (he, that (person))

• तु (tu) - in turn (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• विंशतिपाय (viṁśatipāya) - to the officer in charge of twenty villages (to the lord/officer of twenty (villages))

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village (in the village, in a village)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, community, multitude, collection

यान् (yān) - which (which, whom, those which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - which, what, who, that

ग्रामदोषान् (grāmadoṣān) - village offenses (village faults, village defects, village offenses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāmadoṣa

grāmadoṣa - village fault, village defect, village offense

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+doṣa)

• grāma – village, community
  noun (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, offense, error
  noun (masculine)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the offenses or problems within the village.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ग्रामिकः (grāmikaḥ) - the village headman (village headman, village officer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāmika

grāmika - village headman, ruler of a village, a villager

Derived from grāma + ṭhak (ika) denoting connection or belonging.

Note: The subject of the sentence.

परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - should supervise (should protect, should supervise, should guard, should maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of paripāl

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Derived from 'pāl' (to protect) with the prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Expresses a command or duty.

तान् (tān) - them (the offenses) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to "grāmadoṣān".

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should report (should speak, should tell, should report)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root verb.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Implies the grāmikaḥ is the subject.

दशपाय (daśapāya) - to the officer in charge of ten villages (to the lord/officer of ten (villages))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of daśapa

daśapa - lord of ten, officer over ten (villages)

Derived from "daśa" (ten) and "pa" (protector/ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+pa)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• pa – protector, ruler, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā 'to protect' or 'to drink'. Here, 'protector/ruler'.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The recipient of the report.

असौ (asau) - that (officer) (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (person or thing), this (person or thing), he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied second clause.

स (sa) - he (the daśapa) (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the third clause.

तु (tu) - in turn (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

विंशतिपाय (viṁśatipāya) - to the officer in charge of twenty villages (to the lord/officer of twenty (villages))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of viṃśatipa

viṁśatipa - lord of twenty, officer over twenty (villages)

Derived from "viṃśati" (twenty) and "pa" (protector/ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṃśati+pa)

• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā 'to protect'.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The recipient of the report from the daśapa.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

Note: Adds emphasis to the reporting structure.