महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-88, verse-18

वत्सौपम्येन दोग्धव्यं राष्ट्रमक्षीणबुद्धिना ।
भृतो वत्सो जातबलः पीडां सहति भारत ॥१८॥

18. vatsaupamyena dogdhavyaṁ rāṣṭramakṣīṇabuddhinā ,
bhṛto vatso jātabalaḥ pīḍāṁ sahati bhārata.

18. vatsaupamyena dogdhavyam rāṣṭram akṣīṇabuddhinā
bhṛtaḥ vatsaḥ jātabalaḥ pīḍām sahati bhārata

18. akṣīṇabuddhinā vatsaupamyena rāṣṭram dogdhavyam
bhṛtaḥ jātabalaḥ vatsaḥ pīḍām sahati bhārata

18. The kingdom (rāṣṭra) should be nourished like a calf by a ruler of undiminished wisdom. A well-fed calf, having grown strong, endures hardship, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• वत्सौपम्येन (vatsaupamyena) - by the analogy of a calf, by the likeness of a calf

• दोग्धव्यम् (dogdhavyam) - should be governed/taxed appropriately (should be milked, should be extracted)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, country, realm

• अक्षीणबुद्धिना (akṣīṇabuddhinā) - by a wise ruler (by one whose intellect is undiminished, by a person of unfailing wisdom)

• भृतः (bhṛtaḥ) - well-fed (nourished, maintained, supported, filled)

• वत्सः (vatsaḥ) - calf, young animal

• जातबलः (jātabalaḥ) - having gained strength, having attained power, having developed force

• पीडाम् (pīḍām) - hardship, distress, pain, oppression

• सहति (sahati) - endures, bears, tolerates, is capable of

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

वत्सौपम्येन (vatsaupamyena) - by the analogy of a calf, by the likeness of a calf

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vatsaupamya

vatsaupamya - likeness/analogy of a calf

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vatsa+upamya)

• vatsa – calf, young one
  noun (masculine)
• upamya – likeness, analogy, comparison
  noun (neuter)
  From 'upamā' (comparison) + 'ya' suffix.

दोग्धव्यम् (dogdhavyam) - should be governed/taxed appropriately (should be milked, should be extracted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dogdhavya

duh - to milk, to draw forth, to extract

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Derived from root √duh.

Root: duh (class 2)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, country, realm

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, nation, territory

अक्षीणबुद्धिना (akṣīṇabuddhinā) - by a wise ruler (by one whose intellect is undiminished, by a person of unfailing wisdom)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akṣīṇabuddhi

akṣīṇabuddhi - whose intelligence is undiminished

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṣīṇa+buddhi)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, exhausted, decayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kṣi (to waste, to diminish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root √budh (to know, perceive).
  Root: budh (class 1)

भृतः (bhṛtaḥ) - well-fed (nourished, maintained, supported, filled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛta

bhṛta - borne, carried, supported, maintained, nourished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, to carry, to nourish).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

वत्सः (vatsaḥ) - calf, young animal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, darling, young one

जातबलः (jātabalaḥ) - having gained strength, having attained power, having developed force

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jātabala

jātabala - one whose strength is born/gained

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+bala)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen, grown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √jan (to be born, to produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

पीडाम् (pīḍām) - hardship, distress, pain, oppression

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pīḍā

pīḍā - pain, distress, affliction, oppression, torment

सहति (sahati) - endures, bears, tolerates, is capable of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sah

Present tense, Paraspara-pada, 3rd person singular

From root √sah.

Root: sah (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian