महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-88, verse-34

उपेक्षिता हि नश्येयुर्गोमिनोऽरण्यवासिनः ।
तस्मात्तेषु विशेषेण मृदुपूर्वं समाचरेत् ॥३४॥

34. upekṣitā hi naśyeyurgomino'raṇyavāsinaḥ ,
tasmātteṣu viśeṣeṇa mṛdupūrvaṁ samācaret.

34. upekṣitāḥ hi naśyeyuḥ gominaḥ araṇyavāsinaḥ
tasmāt teṣu viśeṣeṇa mṛdupūrvam samācaret

34. hi upekṣitāḥ gominaḥ araṇyavāsinaḥ naśyeyuḥ
tasmāt teṣu viśeṣeṇa mṛdupūrvam samācaret

34. Indeed, neglected cattle owners and forest dwellers would perish. Therefore, one should deal with them with special gentleness first.

Words meanings summery:

• उपेक्षिताः (upekṣitāḥ) - neglected, ignored

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• नश्येयुः (naśyeyuḥ) - they would perish, they might be destroyed

• गोमिनः (gominaḥ) - cattle owners, proprietors

• अरण्यवासिनः (araṇyavāsinaḥ) - forest dwellers, inhabitants of the wilderness

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• तेषु (teṣu) - towards them (the cattle owners and forest dwellers) (among them, in them, towards them)

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, with distinction

• मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - with a gentle approach as a priority (with gentleness first, having gentleness as primary)

• समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should deal with them (should act, should behave, should deal)

Words meanings and morphology

उपेक्षिताः (upekṣitāḥ) - neglected, ignored

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upekṣita

upekṣita - neglected, disregarded, overlooked

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gominaḥ' and 'araṇyavāsinaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नश्येयुः (naśyeyuḥ) - they would perish, they might be destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of naś

optative mood, active voice, 3rd person plural

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The subject is 'gominaḥ araṇyavāsinaḥ'.

गोमिनः (gominaḥ) - cattle owners, proprietors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gomin

gomin - owner of cattle, proprietor, rich man, villager

Suffix -in added to go (cattle)

Note: Subject of 'naśyeyuḥ'.

अरण्यवासिनः (araṇyavāsinaḥ) - forest dwellers, inhabitants of the wilderness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of araṇyavāsin

araṇyavāsin - forest dweller, inhabitant of the wilderness

Compound: araṇya (forest) + vāsin (dweller).

Compound type : tatpurusha (araṇya+vāsin)

• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, abiding, dweller
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'vas' (to dwell) with suffix -in.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gominaḥ'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb "therefore".

तेषु (teṣu) - towards them (the cattle owners and forest dwellers) (among them, in them, towards them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'gominaḥ araṇyavāsinaḥ'.

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, with distinction

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiarity, special kind

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Functions adverbially.

मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - with a gentle approach as a priority (with gentleness first, having gentleness as primary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdupūrva

mṛdupūrva - having gentleness first, preceded by gentleness

Bahuvrīhi compound: mṛdu (gentle) + pūrva (preceded by, having as primary)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛdu+pūrva)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
  adjective
• pūrva – first, prior, preceded by, having as primary
  adjective

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'samācaret'.

समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should deal with them (should act, should behave, should deal)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is the ruler/administrator.