महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-88, verse-31

आपत्स्वेव च वोढव्यं भवद्भिः सद्गवैरिव ।
न वः प्रियतरं कार्यं धनं कस्यांचिदापदि ॥३१॥

31. āpatsveva ca voḍhavyaṁ bhavadbhiḥ sadgavairiva ,
na vaḥ priyataraṁ kāryaṁ dhanaṁ kasyāṁcidāpadi.

31. āpatsu eva ca voḍhavyam bhavadbhiḥ sadgavaiḥ iva
| na vaḥ priyataraṃ kāryam dhanam kasyāṃcit āpadi

31. ca āpatsu eva bhavadbhiḥ sadgavaiḥ iva voḍhavyam
kasyāṃcit āpadi vaḥ dhanam priyataraṃ kāryam na

31. And in calamities, it must be endured by you, as by good oxen. For you, wealth is not more important than duty in any adversity.

Words meanings summery:

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in distresses, in difficulties

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• वोढव्यम् (voḍhavyam) - the burden that must be borne (to be borne, to be carried, to be supported, to be endured (gerundive))

• भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (honorific plural)

• सद्गवैः (sadgavaiḥ) - by good oxen, by excellent bulls

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• न (na) - not, no

• वः (vaḥ) - your (referring to the people addressed) (to you, of you, your (enclitic plural pronoun))

• प्रियतरं (priyataraṁ) - dearer, more beloved, more important

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty, task, action to be done, business

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property, treasure

• कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any (feminine)

• आपदि (āpadi) - in a calamity, in a distress

Words meanings and morphology

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in distresses, in difficulties

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpat

āpat - calamity, distress, misfortune, difficulty

From prefix 'ā' + root 'pad' (to go, fall).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Specifies the time or circumstances.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Used for emphasis.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

वोढव्यम् (voḍhavyam) - the burden that must be borne (to be borne, to be carried, to be supported, to be endured (gerundive))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāh

vāh - to bear, carry, draw, endure

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root 'vah' (to carry) with 'tavya' suffix. Root 'vah' changes to 'voḍh' in this form.

Root: vah (class 1)

भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (honorific plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific)

Present participle

From root 'bhū' (to be). Used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सद्गवैः (sadgavaiḥ) - by good oxen, by excellent bulls

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadgava

sadgava - good bull, excellent ox

Compound of 'sat' (good, existing) and 'gava' (bull, ox).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+gava)

• sat – good, excellent, existing, true
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• gava – bull, ox
  noun (masculine)
  From 'go' (cow/ox).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

वः (vaḥ) - your (referring to the people addressed) (to you, of you, your (enclitic plural pronoun))

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Second person pronoun, enclitic form.

प्रियतरं (priyataraṁ) - dearer, more beloved, more important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priyatara

priyatara - dearer, more beloved, more agreeable

Comparative degree of 'priya' (dear) + suffix 'tara'.

Note: Predicate adjective, modifying 'dhanam' in relation to 'kāryam'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty, task, action to be done, business

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, ought to be done, duty, task, business

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix 'ya' or 'ṇyat'. Used as a substantive.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property, treasure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasure

From root 'dhā' (to place, hold, support).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject in the second clause.

कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any (feminine)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun 'ka', with suffix 'cit' forming indefinite pronoun. Feminine locative singular.

Note: Qualifies 'āpadi'.

आपदि (āpadi) - in a calamity, in a distress

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpat

āpat - calamity, distress, misfortune, difficulty

From prefix 'ā' + root 'pad' (to go, fall).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)