महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-88, verse-23

बाह्यं जनं भेदयित्वा भोक्तव्यो मध्यमः सुखम् ।
एवं न संप्रकुप्यन्ते जनाः सुखितदुःखिताः ॥२३॥

23. bāhyaṁ janaṁ bhedayitvā bhoktavyo madhyamaḥ sukham ,
evaṁ na saṁprakupyante janāḥ sukhitaduḥkhitāḥ.

23. bāhyam janam bhedayitvā bhoktavyaḥ madhyamaḥ sukham
| evam na samprakupyante janāḥ sukhitaduḥkhitāḥ

23. bāhyam janam bhedayitvā madhyamaḥ sukham bhoktavyaḥ
evam janāḥ sukhitaduḥkhitāḥ na samprakupyante

23. By causing division among the external populace, the central population should be ruled or cared for contentedly. In this manner, people—whether they are happy or unhappy—will not become overly agitated or rebellious.

Words meanings summery:

• बाह्यम् (bāhyam) - external, outer, foreign

• जनम् (janam) - people, person, community

• भेदयित्वा (bhedayitvā) - having caused to split, having divided, having separated

• भोक्तव्यः (bhoktavyaḥ) - to be enjoyed, to be protected, to be ruled, to be used

• मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle one, the central one, the middle class

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, easily, joy

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• न (na) - not, no

• सम्प्रकुप्यन्ते (samprakupyante) - they become very angry, they revolt, they are enraged

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• सुखितदुःखिताः (sukhitaduḥkhitāḥ) - (those who are) happy and unhappy, experiencing joy and sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

बाह्यम् (bāhyam) - external, outer, foreign

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, foreign, pertaining to the outside

जनम् (janam) - people, person, community

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

भेदयित्वा (bhedayitvā) - having caused to split, having divided, having separated

(indeclinable)

causative absolutive / gerund

Formed from the causative stem 'bheday' of root bhid (7th class), plus suffix '-itvā'.

Root: bhid (class 7)

भोक्तव्यः (bhoktavyaḥ) - to be enjoyed, to be protected, to be ruled, to be used

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be enjoyed, to be eaten, to be protected, to be ruled

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root bhuj (7th class) with suffix -tavya.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle one, the central one, the middle class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate; a middle-aged person, the middle class

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, easily, joy

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रकुप्यन्ते (samprakupyante) - they become very angry, they revolt, they are enraged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kup

Root: kup (class 4)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

सुखितदुःखिताः (sukhitaduḥkhitāḥ) - (those who are) happy and unhappy, experiencing joy and sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhitaduḥkhita

sukhitaduḥkhita - happy and unhappy, those who are joyful and sorrowful

Compound type : dvandva (sukhita+duḥkhita)

• sukhita – made happy, joyful, pleased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sukh ('to be happy') or from noun sukha.
  Root: sukh (class 1)
• duḥkhita – made unhappy, sorrowful, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duḥkh ('to be unhappy') or from noun duḥkha.
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)