महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-294, verse-28

अहंकारस्तु महतस्तृतीयमिति नः श्रुतम् ।
पञ्च भूतान्यहंकारादाहुः सांख्यानुदर्शिनः ॥२८॥

28. ahaṁkārastu mahatastṛtīyamiti naḥ śrutam ,
pañca bhūtānyahaṁkārādāhuḥ sāṁkhyānudarśinaḥ.

28. ahaṅkāraḥ tu mahataḥ tṛtīyam iti naḥ śrutam |
pañca bhūtāni ahaṅkārāt āhuḥ sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ

28. tu ahaṅkāraḥ mahataḥ tṛtīyam iti naḥ śrutam
sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ pañca bhūtāni ahaṅkārāt āhuḥ

28. But ego (ahaṅkāra) is the third evolute from the Great Principle (mahat) — thus it has been heard by us. The followers of the Sāṅkhya philosophy (sāṅkhya) declare that the five gross elements originate from ego (ahaṅkāra).

Words meanings summery:

• अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - ego, ego-sense, I-sense

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• महतः (mahataḥ) - from the Great Principle (mahat) (from Mahat, of the Great Principle)

• तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or a conclusion

• नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, known

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the five gross elements (elements, beings, creatures)

• अहङ्कारात् (ahaṅkārāt) - from ego, from the ego-sense

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare

• साङ्ख्यानुदर्शिनः (sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ) - followers of Sāṅkhya, those who perceive according to Sāṅkhya

Words meanings and morphology

अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - ego, ego-sense, I-sense

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, the sense of 'I', self-assertion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aham+kāra)

• aham – I, ego
  pronoun
• kāra – maker, doer, causing, agent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

महतः (mahataḥ) - from the Great Principle (mahat) (from Mahat, of the Great Principle)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, the Great Principle (cosmic intellect in Sāṅkhya philosophy)

तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third, tertiary

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or a conclusion

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us, our

Note: Can also be genitive or accusative. Here, instrumental 'by us' is implied by 'śrutam' (heard).

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened to, known (often as revealed scripture or tradition)

Past Passive Participle

Root: śru (class 1)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Declines as plural for all genders.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the five gross elements (elements, beings, creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element (especially gross element), past, become

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अहङ्कारात् (ahaṅkārāt) - from ego, from the ego-sense

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, the sense of 'I', self-assertion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aham+kāra)

• aham – I, ego
  pronoun
• kāra – maker, doer, causing, agent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (liṭ (used as laṭ)) of ah

Irregular present tense form, often treated as perfect with present meaning.

Root: ah (class 2)

साङ्ख्यानुदर्शिनः (sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ) - followers of Sāṅkhya, those who perceive according to Sāṅkhya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅkhyānudarśin

sāṅkhyānudarśin - one who perceives in accordance with Sāṅkhya, a follower of the Sāṅkhya doctrine

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāṅkhya+anudarśin)

• sāṅkhya – Sāṅkhya philosophy, relating to number or calculation
  noun (neuter)
• anudarśin – one who perceives in accordance, observing, following in sight
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: dṛś (class 1)