महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-294, verse-18

निवाते च यथा दीप्यन्दीपस्तद्वत्स दृश्यते ।
निरिङ्गश्चाचलश्चोर्ध्वं न तिर्यग्गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥१८॥

18. nivāte ca yathā dīpyandīpastadvatsa dṛśyate ,
niriṅgaścācalaścordhvaṁ na tiryaggatimāpnuyāt.

18. nivāte ca yathā dīpyan dīpaḥ tadvat sa dṛśyate
niriṅgaḥ ca acalaḥ ca ūrdhvam na tiryak gatim āpnuyāt

18. ca yathā nivāte dīpyan dīpaḥ tadvat sa dṛśyate ca
niriṅgaḥ ca acalaḥ ūrdhvam tiryak gatim na āpnuyāt

18. And just as a lamp shines in a windless place, so is it seen, motionless and unwavering, moving upwards, not sideways.

Words meanings summery:

• निवाते (nivāte) - in a windless place, in a calm place

• च (ca) - and

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• दीप्यन् (dīpyan) - shining, burning brightly

• दीपः (dīpaḥ) - lamp, light

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - so, in that way (similarly, in that manner)

• स (sa) - it (referring to the self/light) (he, that)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• निरिङ्गः (niriṅgaḥ) - motionless, without movement

• च (ca) - and

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - unwavering, immobile, steady

• च (ca) - and

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, elevated

• न (na) - not, no

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, horizontally, obliquely

• गतिम् (gatim) - movement, course, path

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would move (should attain, would obtain, would reach)

Words meanings and morphology

निवाते (nivāte) - in a windless place, in a calm place

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nivāta

nivāta - windless, calm, a windless place

Prefix: ni

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Often used as an adjective.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

दीप्यन् (dīpyan) - shining, burning brightly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīpyat

dīpyat - shining, burning, blazing

Present Active Participle

Nominative singular masculine from root dīp

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies dīpaḥ.

दीपः (dīpaḥ) - lamp, light

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, source of light

Root: dīp (class 4)

तद्वत् (tadvat) - so, in that way (similarly, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Suffixed with -vat to tad

स (sa) - it (referring to the self/light) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular

Note: Refers to the self or the effect likened to the lamp.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Indicative, Passive voice

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, passive construction

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निरिङ्गः (niriṅgaḥ) - motionless, without movement

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niriṅga

niriṅga - motionless, without movement, steady

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+iṅga)

• nis – without, out of
  indeclinable
• iṅga – movement, tremor, sign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṅg (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अचलः (acalaḥ) - unwavering, immobile, steady

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immobile, steady, unwavering, mountain

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, shaking, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root cal (to move)
  Root: cal (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, elevated

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, horizontally, obliquely

(indeclinable)

Note: Often means 'animal' as well, but here clearly adverbial.

गतिम् (gatim) - movement, course, path

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, going, course, path, state

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of āpnuyāt.

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would move (should attain, would obtain, would reach)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The meaning here is "move" or "go", in the sense of 'assume a motion'.