महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-34

तं ददर्श स नागेन्द्रस्तक्षकः काश्यपं पथि ।
गच्छन्तमेकमनसं द्विजो भूत्वा वयोतिगः ॥३४॥

34. taṁ dadarśa sa nāgendrastakṣakaḥ kāśyapaṁ pathi ,
gacchantamekamanasaṁ dvijo bhūtvā vayotigaḥ.

34. tam dadarśa saḥ nāgendraḥ takṣakaḥ kāśyapam pathi
gacchantam ekamanasam dvijaḥ bhūtvā vayaḥ atigaḥ

34. That king of serpents, Takṣaka, having assumed the form of a brahmin surpassing in age, saw Kāśyapa on the path, proceeding with a single mind.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to Kāśyapa (that, him)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - Takṣaka saw Kāśyapa (he saw)

• सः (saḥ) - refers to Takṣaka (he, that)

• नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - Takṣaka, described as the foremost serpent (king of serpents)

• तक्षकः (takṣakaḥ) - the serpent king (Takṣaka (name of a nāga))

• काश्यपम् (kāśyapam) - the sage, object of Takṣaka's sight (Kāśyapa)

• पथि (pathi) - indicates where Kāśyapa was seen (on the path, on the road)

• गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - Kāśyapa was walking (going, proceeding)

• एकमनसम् (ekamanasam) - Kāśyapa was focused on his goal (healing the king) (single-minded, concentrated, intent)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Takṣaka's disguise as a brahmin (brahmin, twice-born)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - Takṣaka assumed the form of a brahmin (having become, being)

• वयः (vayaḥ) - related to the brahmin's advanced or indefinite age in his disguise (age, youth, strength)

• अतिगः (atigaḥ) - surpassing in age (describing the brahmin's disguise) (surpassing, transcending)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to Kāśyapa (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `dadarśa`.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - Takṣaka saw Kāśyapa (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - refers to Takṣaka (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `dadarśa`.

नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - Takṣaka, described as the foremost serpent (king of serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - king of serpents, best of nāgas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (chief of gods), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `saḥ`.

तक्षकः (takṣakaḥ) - the serpent king (Takṣaka (name of a nāga))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of takṣaka

takṣaka - a carpenter; name of a celebrated Nāga (serpent deity) king

Note: Qualifies `saḥ` and `nāgendraḥ`.

काश्यपम् (kāśyapam) - the sage, object of Takṣaka's sight (Kāśyapa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - name of a celebrated Vedic sage, a patronymic of certain other sages

Note: Direct object of `dadarśa`.

पथि (pathi) - indicates where Kāśyapa was seen (on the path, on the road)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - Kāśyapa was walking (going, proceeding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving, proceeding

present active participle

root gam (to go) + śatṛ suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kāśyapam`.

एकमनसम् (ekamanasam) - Kāśyapa was focused on his goal (healing the king) (single-minded, concentrated, intent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekamanas

ekamanas - single-minded, concentrated, having one thought

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+manas)

• eka – one, single, sole
  numeral
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `kāśyapam`.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Takṣaka's disguise as a brahmin (brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for a brahmin), bird, tooth

'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  root jan + suffix a
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicative nominative to `bhūtvā` (implies 'having become a brahmin').

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - Takṣaka assumed the form of a brahmin (having become, being)

(indeclinable)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action by the subject (Takṣaka).

वयः (vayaḥ) - related to the brahmin's advanced or indefinite age in his disguise (age, youth, strength)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, stage of life, youth, vigor, strength

Note: Functions as a secondary predicate or part of an adjectival phrase modifying `dvijaḥ`.

अतिगः (atigaḥ) - surpassing in age (describing the brahmin's disguise) (surpassing, transcending)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiga

atiga - going beyond, transcending, passing over, exceeding

agent noun/adjective

root gam (to go) + prefix ati + suffix a

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `dvijaḥ`.