महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-23

तं च मौनव्रतधरं श्रुत्वा मुनिवरं तदा ।
भूय एवाभवद्राजा शोकसंतप्तमानसः ॥२३॥

23. taṁ ca maunavratadharaṁ śrutvā munivaraṁ tadā ,
bhūya evābhavadrājā śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ.

23. tam ca maunavratadharam śrutvā munivaram tadā
bhūyaḥ eva abhavat rājā śokasaṃtaptamānasaḥ

23. And then, having heard that the eminent sage was observing a vow of silence, the king's mind became tormented by sorrow once more.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the sage Śamīka) (him, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - who was observing a vow of silence (observing the vow of silence)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• मुनिवरम् (munivaram) - the eminent sage (Śamīka) (best of sages, eminent sage)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

• राजा (rājā) - the King (Parikshit) (king)

• शोकसंतप्तमानसः (śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ) - having a mind distressed by sorrow (one whose mind is tormented by grief)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the sage Śamīka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - who was observing a vow of silence (observing the vow of silence)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maunavratadhara

maunavratadhara - observing the vow of silence, maintaining a silent vow

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (mauna-vrata+dhara)

• mauna-vrata – vow of silence
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – holding, bearing, carrying, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(verb)

active

Root: śru (class 5)

मुनिवरम् (munivaram) - the eminent sage (Śamīka) (best of sages, eminent sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of munivara

munivara - best of sages, eminent ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (muni+vara)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit; one who is inspired, silent
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, principal; boon
  adjective (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + dā (suffix for time)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the King (Parikshit) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शोकसंतप्तमानसः (śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ) - having a mind distressed by sorrow (one whose mind is tormented by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtaptamānasa

śokasaṁtaptamānasa - having a mind distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken in mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+saṃtapta+mānasa)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – tormented, afflicted, distressed
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from √tap (to heat, torment) with sam prefix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• mānasa – mind, heart; mental, spiritual
  noun (neuter)
  derived from manas (mind)