महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-23

तं च मौनव्रतधरं श्रुत्वा मुनिवरं तदा ।
भूय एवाभवद्राजा शोकसंतप्तमानसः ॥२३॥

23. taṁ ca maunavratadharaṁ śrutvā munivaraṁ tadā ,
bhūya evābhavadrājā śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ.

23. tam ca maunavratadharam śrutvā munivaram tadā
bhūyaḥ eva abhavat rājā śokasaṃtaptamānasaḥ

23. And then, having heard that the eminent sage was observing a vow of silence, the king's mind became tormented by sorrow once more.

23. וכששמע אז על אותו קדוש דגול שקיבל על עצמו נדר שתיקה, שוב נשרפה רוחו של המלך בצער.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the sage Śamīka) (him, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - who was observing a vow of silence (observing the vow of silence)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• मुनिवरम् (munivaram) - the eminent sage (Śamīka) (best of sages, eminent sage)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

• राजा (rājā) - the King (Parikshit) (king)

• शोकसंतप्तमानसः (śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ) - having a mind distressed by sorrow (one whose mind is tormented by grief)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the sage Śamīka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - who was observing a vow of silence (observing the vow of silence)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maunavratadhara

maunavratadhara - observing the vow of silence, maintaining a silent vow

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (mauna-vrata+dhara)

• mauna-vrata – vow of silence
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – holding, bearing, carrying, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(verb)

active

Root: śru (class 5)

मुनिवरम् (munivaram) - the eminent sage (Śamīka) (best of sages, eminent sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of munivara

munivara - best of sages, eminent ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (muni+vara)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit; one who is inspired, silent
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, principal; boon
  adjective (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + dā (suffix for time)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the King (Parikshit) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शोकसंतप्तमानसः (śokasaṁtaptamānasaḥ) - having a mind distressed by sorrow (one whose mind is tormented by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtaptamānasa

śokasaṁtaptamānasa - having a mind distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken in mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+saṃtapta+mānasa)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – tormented, afflicted, distressed
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from √tap (to heat, torment) with sam prefix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• mānasa – mind, heart; mental, spiritual
  noun (neuter)
  derived from manas (mind)

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