महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-18

तस्य त्वया नरव्याघ्र सर्पः प्राणैर्वियोजितः ।
अवसक्तो धनुष्कोट्या स्कन्धे भरतसत्तम ।
क्षान्तवांस्तव तत्कर्म पुत्रस्तस्य न चक्षमे ॥१८॥

18. tasya tvayā naravyāghra sarpaḥ prāṇairviyojitaḥ ,
avasakto dhanuṣkoṭyā skandhe bharatasattama ,
kṣāntavāṁstava tatkarma putrastasya na cakṣame.

18. tasya tvayā naravyāghra sarpaḥ prāṇaiḥ
viyojitaḥ avasaktaḥ dhanuṣkoṭyā
skandhe bharatasattama kṣāntavān
tava tat karma putraḥ tasya na cakṣame

18. O tiger among men, O best of Bharatas, you deprived his serpent of life and hung it on his shoulder with the tip of your bow. While he (the sage) tolerated that action of yours, his son did not forgive it.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of the sage (Śamīka) (his, of him)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by King Parikṣit (by you)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O King (Parikṣit) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a (dead) serpent (snake, serpent)

• प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - from life (ablative sense of instrumental) (by life, by breaths)

• वियोजितः (viyojitaḥ) - deprived of life (deprived, separated, disjoined)

• अवसक्तः (avasaktaḥ) - hung, suspended, attached

• धनुष्कोट्या (dhanuṣkoṭyā) - by the tip of the bow

• स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on Śamīka's shoulder (on the shoulder)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O King (Parikṣit) (O best of Bharatas)

• क्षान्तवान् (kṣāntavān) - (he) endured/forgave (having forgiven, having endured)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• तत् (tat) - that (aforementioned) deed (that)

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Śamīka's son (Śṛṅgi) (son)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Śamīka (his, of him)

• न (na) - not

• चक्षमे (cakṣame) - did not tolerate/forgive (endured, tolerated, forgiven)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of the sage (Śamīka) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to Śamīka.

त्वया (tvayā) - by King Parikṣit (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of the passive participle viyojitaḥ.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O King (Parikṣit) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, eminent man, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative.

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a (dead) serpent (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Subject of viyojitaḥ and avasaktaḥ.

प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - from life (ablative sense of instrumental) (by life, by breaths)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Used in an ablative sense with viyojitaḥ (deprived of life).

वियोजितः (viyojitaḥ) - deprived of life (deprived, separated, disjoined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viyojita

viyojita - separated, disjoined, deprived

past passive participle

from root yuj (to join) with vi

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies sarpaḥ.

अवसक्तः (avasaktaḥ) - hung, suspended, attached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasakta

avasakta - hung, suspended, attached

past passive participle

from root sañj (to cling, hang) with ava

Prefix: ava

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sarpaḥ.

धनुष्कोट्या (dhanuṣkoṭyā) - by the tip of the bow

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhanuṣkoṭi

dhanuṣkoṭi - tip of the bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanuṣ+koṭi)

• dhanuṣ – bow
  noun (neuter)
• koṭi – tip, end, point
  noun (feminine)

Note: Instrument of hanging.

स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on Śamīka's shoulder (on the shoulder)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of skandha

skandha - shoulder, trunk, main branch

Note: Location where the serpent was hung.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O King (Parikṣit) (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – Bharata (name of an ancient king, descendant of Bharata)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  superlative of sat (good)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Vocative.

क्षान्तवान् (kṣāntavān) - (he) endured/forgave (having forgiven, having endured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣāntavat

kṣāntavat - having forgiven, having endured

kṛt participle

Past active participle from root kṣam (to endure, forgive)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śamīka.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive adjective for karma.

तत् (tat) - that (aforementioned) deed (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative adjective for karma.

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work

action noun

from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kṣāntavān.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Śamīka's son (Śṛṅgi) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of cakṣame.

तस्य (tasya) - of Śamīka (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to Śamīka.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

चक्षमे (cakṣame) - did not tolerate/forgive (endured, tolerated, forgiven)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṣam

perfect tense

Perfect tense 3rd singular middle

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Lit. 'did not endure'.