महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-12

मम पुत्रेण शप्तोऽसि बालेनाकृतबुद्धिना ।
ममेमां धर्षणां त्वत्तः प्रेक्ष्य राजन्नमर्षिणा ॥१२॥

12. mama putreṇa śapto'si bālenākṛtabuddhinā ,
mamemāṁ dharṣaṇāṁ tvattaḥ prekṣya rājannamarṣiṇā.

12. mama putreṇa śaptaḥ asi bālena akṛtabuddhinā mama
imām dharṣaṇām tvattaḥ prekṣya rājan amarṣiṇā

12. O King, you have been cursed by my son—a mere child with an undeveloped mind—who became indignant upon seeing this insult from you directed at me.

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my (son) (my, of me)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by my son (by the son)

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - you have been cursed (cursed)

• असि (asi) - you are

• बालेन (bālena) - by a mere child (by a child, by a young boy)

• अकृतबुद्धिना (akṛtabuddhinā) - by one with an immature or undeveloped mind (by one whose intellect is not developed)

• मम (mama) - towards me, affecting me (my, of me)

• इमाम् (imām) - this particular (insult) (this)

• धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - the disrespectful act (of placing a dead snake on Śamīka's shoulders) (insult, outrage, assault, violation)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - originating from you, done by you (from you)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after seeing (having seen, observing, perceiving)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Parikṣit (O King)

• अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by (my son), who was intolerant/indignant (by an indignant one, by one who cannot endure)

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my (son) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive with 'putreṇa'.

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by my son (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Agent of the curse, 'śaptaḥ'.

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - you have been cursed (cursed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn, bound by an oath

past participle

From root `śap` (to curse, to swear) + `kta` suffix.

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied 'you' (rājan).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

बालेन (bālena) - by a mere child (by a child, by a young boy)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, inexperienced

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa'.

अकृतबुद्धिना (akṛtabuddhinā) - by one with an immature or undeveloped mind (by one whose intellect is not developed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akṛtabuddhi

akṛtabuddhi - undeveloped intellect, immature mind, ignorant

Negation of `kṛtabuddhi` (developed intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+buddhi)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed, developed
  adjective (neuter)
  past participle
  From verb root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa', 'bālena'.

मम (mama) - towards me, affecting me (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Related to 'dharṣaṇām' – an insult against me.

इमाम् (imām) - this particular (insult) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'dharṣaṇām'.

धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - the disrespectful act (of placing a dead snake on Śamīka's shoulders) (insult, outrage, assault, violation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharṣaṇā

dharṣaṇā - contempt, insult, injury, violation, outrage

action noun

From root `dhṛṣ` (to dare, to violate) + `ana` suffix.

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Object of `prekṣya`.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - originating from you, done by you (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Source of the insult 'dharṣaṇām'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after seeing (having seen, observing, perceiving)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From root `īkṣ` with `pra` prefix, and `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the action performed by the agent 'amarṣiṇā'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Parikṣit (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

From root `rāj` (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by (my son), who was intolerant/indignant (by an indignant one, by one who cannot endure)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amarṣin

amarṣin - indignant, impatient, intolerant, angry

agent noun

Negation of `marṣin` (enduring). From `a` (not) + `mṛṣ` (to endure).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa / bahuvrīhi (a+marṣin)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• marṣin – patient, enduring
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'mṛṣ' (to endure) + 'in' suffix.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa', 'bālena', 'akṛtabuddhinā'.