महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-12

मम पुत्रेण शप्तोऽसि बालेनाकृतबुद्धिना ।
ममेमां धर्षणां त्वत्तः प्रेक्ष्य राजन्नमर्षिणा ॥१२॥

12. mama putreṇa śapto'si bālenākṛtabuddhinā ,
mamemāṁ dharṣaṇāṁ tvattaḥ prekṣya rājannamarṣiṇā.

12. mama putreṇa śaptaḥ asi bālena akṛtabuddhinā mama
imām dharṣaṇām tvattaḥ prekṣya rājan amarṣiṇā

12. O King, you have been cursed by my son—a mere child with an undeveloped mind—who became indignant upon seeing this insult from you directed at me.

12. (וזה מה שאמר לשליח למסור) הו מלך, בני, ילד חסר בשלות, קילל אותך כשראה את העלבון הזה שנגרם לי מצדך, והוא לא סולח.

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my (son) (my, of me)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by my son (by the son)

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - you have been cursed (cursed)

• असि (asi) - you are

• बालेन (bālena) - by a mere child (by a child, by a young boy)

• अकृतबुद्धिना (akṛtabuddhinā) - by one with an immature or undeveloped mind (by one whose intellect is not developed)

• मम (mama) - towards me, affecting me (my, of me)

• इमाम् (imām) - this particular (insult) (this)

• धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - the disrespectful act (of placing a dead snake on Śamīka's shoulders) (insult, outrage, assault, violation)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - originating from you, done by you (from you)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after seeing (having seen, observing, perceiving)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Parikṣit (O King)

• अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by (my son), who was intolerant/indignant (by an indignant one, by one who cannot endure)

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my (son) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive with 'putreṇa'.

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by my son (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Agent of the curse, 'śaptaḥ'.

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - you have been cursed (cursed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn, bound by an oath

past participle

From root `śap` (to curse, to swear) + `kta` suffix.

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied 'you' (rājan).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

बालेन (bālena) - by a mere child (by a child, by a young boy)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, inexperienced

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa'.

अकृतबुद्धिना (akṛtabuddhinā) - by one with an immature or undeveloped mind (by one whose intellect is not developed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akṛtabuddhi

akṛtabuddhi - undeveloped intellect, immature mind, ignorant

Negation of `kṛtabuddhi` (developed intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+buddhi)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed, developed
  adjective (neuter)
  past participle
  From verb root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa', 'bālena'.

मम (mama) - towards me, affecting me (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Related to 'dharṣaṇām' – an insult against me.

इमाम् (imām) - this particular (insult) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'dharṣaṇām'.

धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - the disrespectful act (of placing a dead snake on Śamīka's shoulders) (insult, outrage, assault, violation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharṣaṇā

dharṣaṇā - contempt, insult, injury, violation, outrage

action noun

From root `dhṛṣ` (to dare, to violate) + `ana` suffix.

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Object of `prekṣya`.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - originating from you, done by you (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Source of the insult 'dharṣaṇām'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after seeing (having seen, observing, perceiving)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From root `īkṣ` with `pra` prefix, and `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the action performed by the agent 'amarṣiṇā'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Parikṣit (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

From root `rāj` (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by (my son), who was intolerant/indignant (by an indignant one, by one who cannot endure)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amarṣin

amarṣin - indignant, impatient, intolerant, angry

agent noun

Negation of `marṣin` (enduring). From `a` (not) + `mṛṣ` (to endure).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa / bahuvrīhi (a+marṣin)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• marṣin – patient, enduring
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'mṛṣ' (to endure) + 'in' suffix.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agreement with 'putreṇa', 'bālena', 'akṛtabuddhinā'.

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