महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-38, verse-1

शृङ्ग्युवाच ।
यद्येतत्साहसं तात यदि वा दुष्कृतं कृतम् ।
प्रियं वाप्यप्रियं वा ते वागुक्ता न मृषा मया ॥१॥

1. śṛṅgyuvāca ,
yadyetatsāhasaṁ tāta yadi vā duṣkṛtaṁ kṛtam ,
priyaṁ vāpyapriyaṁ vā te vāguktā na mṛṣā mayā.

1. śṛṅgī uvāca yadi etat sāhasam tāta yadi vā duṣkṛtam
kṛtam priyam vā api apriyam vā te vāk uktā na mṛṣā mayā

1. Śṛṅgi said: 'O father, whether this is a rash act or a wrong deed, the words I have spoken to you, whether pleasant or unpleasant, are not false.'

Words meanings summery:

• शृङ्गी (śṛṅgī) - Śṛṅgi (Śṛṅgi (name of a sage's son))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the curse) (this)

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - a rash act (the cursing) (rash act, audacity, violence)

• तात (tāta) - O father (addressing Śamīka) (father, dear one (vocative))

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - a wrong deed (wrong deed, evil act, sin)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - has been done (done, made)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing (referring to the words) (pleasing, dear, beloved)

• वा (vā) - whether (or)

• अपि (api) - even (used for emphasis) (even, also, too)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasing (referring to the words) (unpleasing, disagreeable, disliked)

• वा (vā) - or

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

• वाच् (vāc) - the word, the statement (word, speech, voice)

• उक्ता (uktā) - spoken (by me) (spoken, said)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruthfully (falsely, untruly, in vain)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

शृङ्गी (śṛṅgī) - Śṛṅgi (Śṛṅgi (name of a sage's son))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṅgin

śṛṅgin - horned; name of a sage's son

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the curse) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to 'sāhasam' and 'duṣkṛtam'.

साहसम् (sāhasam) - a rash act (the cursing) (rash act, audacity, violence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - violence, rashness, audacity

From sahas (force) + -a (suffix).

Note: Acts as a predicate nominative with implied 'asti'.

तात (tāta) - O father (addressing Śamīka) (father, dear one (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father; dear one (term of endearment for father, son, or elder)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - a wrong deed (wrong deed, evil act, sin)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - badly done, ill-done; a wrong deed, sin

past passive participle

Derived from 'dus' (bad, difficult) + 'kṛta' (done), functioning as a noun here.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made; deed, act
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - has been done (done, made)

(nominal form)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made; deed, act

past passive participle

From root kṛ (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'duṣkṛtam'.

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing (referring to the words) (pleasing, dear, beloved)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

Note: Refers to 'vāc'.

वा (vā) - whether (or)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (used for emphasis) (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasing (referring to the words) (unpleasing, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasing, disagreeable, disliked

Negation of priya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'vāc'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

वाच् (vāc) - the word, the statement (word, speech, voice)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the clause 'vāc uktā na mṛṣā mayā'.

उक्ता (uktā) - spoken (by me) (spoken, said)

(nominal form)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken

past passive participle

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vāc'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruthfully (falsely, untruly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'vāc uktā mayā'.