योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-44, verse-10

अथैनं तपसा तप्तमाजगामैकदा हरिः ।
निदाघार्तं घनः श्यामः प्रावृषीव धरातलम् ॥ १० ॥

athainaṃ tapasā taptamājagāmaikadā hariḥ ,
nidāghārtaṃ ghanaḥ śyāmaḥ prāvṛṣīva dharātalam 10

10. atha enam tapasā taptam ājagāma ekadā hariḥ |
nidāgha-ārtam ghanaḥ śyāmaḥ prāvṛṣi iva dharātalam ||

10. atha ekadā hariḥ tapasā taptam enam ājagāma
śyāmaḥ ghanaḥ prāvṛṣi nidāghārtam dharātalam iva

10. Then, one day, Hari (Viṣṇu) approached him, who was scorched by (his intense practice of) spiritual austerities (tapas). (He came) just as a dark cloud (ghana) in the rainy season (prāvṛṣa) approaches the earth's surface (dharātala), which is tormented by the summer heat.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thereupon, now, moreover)

• एनम् (enam) - him (referring to the Brahmin) (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• तपसा (tapasā) - by his spiritual austerities (tapas) (by penance, by austerity)

• तप्तम् (taptam) - scorched, intensely performed (referring to the Brahmin by his penance) (heated, scorched, afflicted, performed (as austerity))

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - approached (Hari came to the Brahmin) (came, approached)

• एकदा (ekadā) - one day (once, one time, one day)

• हरिः (hariḥ) - Hari (Lord Viṣṇu) (Hari, Viṣṇu, lion, horse)

• निदाघार्तम् (nidāghārtam) - the earth's surface, tormented by summer heat (tormented by summer heat, afflicted by heat)

• घनः (ghanaḥ) - a cloud (cloud, dense, thick)

• श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) - dark (describing the cloud) (dark, black, blue-black, green, dark-colored)

• प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - in the rainy season (in the rainy season, during the monsoon)

• इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

• धरातलम् (dharātalam) - the surface of the earth (earth's surface, ground)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thereupon, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (referring to the Brahmin) (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

तपसा (tapasā) - by his spiritual austerities (tapas) (by penance, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, self-mortification, austerity, penance, spiritual practice

Root: tap (class 1)

तप्तम् (taptam) - scorched, intensely performed (referring to the Brahmin by his penance) (heated, scorched, afflicted, performed (as austerity))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, burnt, afflicted, performed (e.g. tapas)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'tap' (to heat, burn, practice austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'enam'.

आजगाम (ājagāma) - approached (Hari came to the Brahmin) (came, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āgam

Perfect (lit) Third Person Singular

Root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā'. Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

एकदा (ekadā) - one day (once, one time, one day)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'eka' (one) and suffix '-dā'.

हरिः (hariḥ) - Hari (Lord Viṣṇu) (Hari, Viṣṇu, lion, horse)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - Hari, Viṣṇu, Indra, lion, horse, tawny

निदाघार्तम् (nidāghārtam) - the earth's surface, tormented by summer heat (tormented by summer heat, afflicted by heat)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidāghārta

nidāghārta - afflicted/tormented by summer heat

Compound of 'nidāgha' (summer heat) and 'ārta' (afflicted, suffering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidāgha+ārta)

• nidāgha – summer, intense heat, heat of summer
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: dah (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, tormented, suffering
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, rise) with prefix 'ā', or considered as a root 'āṛt'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'dharātalam'.

घनः (ghanaḥ) - a cloud (cloud, dense, thick)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghana

ghana - cloud, mass, dense, solid, heavy

श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) - dark (describing the cloud) (dark, black, blue-black, green, dark-colored)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śyāma

śyāma - dark, black, blue-black, dark green, dark-colored

Note: Agrees with 'ghanaḥ'.

प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - in the rainy season (in the rainy season, during the monsoon)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon

इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

धरातलम् (dharātalam) - the surface of the earth (earth's surface, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharātala

dharātala - earth's surface, ground

Compound of 'dharā' (earth) and 'tala' (surface).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharā+tala)

• dharā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to bear, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tala – surface, plain, palm (of hand), sole (of foot)
  noun (neuter)