योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-24

ऋषिपुत्र महाप्राज्ञ किमज्ञ इव रोदिषि ।
संसारस्य न कस्मात्त्वं स्वरूपं वेत्सि चञ्चलम् ॥ २४ ॥

ṛṣiputra mahāprājña kimajña iva rodiṣi ,
saṃsārasya na kasmāttvaṃ svarūpaṃ vetsi cañcalam 24

24. ṛṣiputra mahāprājña kim ajña iva rodiṣi
saṃsārasya na kasmāt tvam svarūpam vetsi cañcalam

24. ṛṣiputra mahāprājña tvam ajña iva kim kasmāt
rodiṣi saṃsārasya cañcalam svarūpam na vetsi

24. O son of the sage, O greatly wise one, why do you weep as if you were ignorant? Why do you not understand the impermanent nature (svarūpa) of the cycle of existence (saṃsāra)?

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषिपुत्र (ṛṣiputra) - O son of a sage

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one

• किम् (kim) - why, what, how

• अज्ञ (ajña) - ignorant person, foolish one

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you weep, you cry

• संसारस्य (saṁsārasya) - of the cycle of existence, of the world

• न (na) - not, no

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - nature, true form, essential character

• वेत्सि (vetsi) - you know, you understand

• चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - impermanent, fleeting, unsteady

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषिपुत्र (ṛṣiputra) - O son of a sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ṛṣiputra

ṛṣiputra - son of a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+putra)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• prājña – wise, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)

किम् (kim) - why, what, how

(indeclinable)

अज्ञ (ajña) - ignorant person, foolish one

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, foolish

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• jña – knowing, wise, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used here as a noun referring to an ignorant person.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you weep, you cry

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

संसारस्य (saṁsārasya) - of the cycle of existence, of the world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - cycle of birth, death, and rebirth; world; mundane existence

from saṃ-sṛ (to flow together, run through)

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb here.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - nature, true form, essential character

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svarūpa

svarūpa - one's own form, true nature, essential character

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+rūpa)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun
• rūpa – form, shape, nature
  noun (neuter)

वेत्सि (vetsi) - you know, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - impermanent, fleeting, unsteady

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cañcala

cañcala - moving, unsteady, flickering, transient, impermanent

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'svarūpam'.