योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-20

अथासौ शरलोमात्र भुक्त्वा युगगणं ययौ ।
त्यक्तदेहः सुरागारं मुक्तनीडः खगो यथा ॥ २० ॥

athāsau śaralomātra bhuktvā yugagaṇaṃ yayau ,
tyaktadehaḥ surāgāraṃ muktanīḍaḥ khago yathā 20

20. atha asau śaralomamātram bhuktvā yugagaṇam yayau
tyaktadehaḥ surāgāram muktaniḍaḥ khagaḥ yathā

20. atha asau tyaktadehaḥ śaralomamātram yugagaṇam bhuktvā,
muktaniḍaḥ khagaḥ yathā surāgāram yayau.

20. Then, that person, having experienced a multitude of ages (yugagaṇam) as if it were but a fleeting moment (śaralomamātram), abandoned his body (tyaktadehaḥ) and went to the abode of the gods (surāgāram), just as a bird freed from its nest (muktaniḍaḥ khagaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, therefore)

• असौ (asau) - that person (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

• शरोलोममात्रम् (śarolomamātram) - a fleeting moment (only a hair of an arrow; a very short measure of time)

• भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having experienced (having eaten, having enjoyed, having experienced)

• युगगणम् (yugagaṇam) - a multitude of ages (a multitude of ages, many eons)

• ययौ (yayau) - went

• त्यक्तदेहः (tyaktadehaḥ) - having abandoned his body (having abandoned the body)

• सुरागारम् (surāgāram) - the abode of the gods (abode of gods, heaven)

• मुक्तनिडः (muktaniḍaḥ) - freed from its nest (one whose nest is released, freed from the nest)

• खगः (khagaḥ) - a bird (bird (one who moves in the sky))

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, like, in the manner that)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, therefore)

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - that person (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

Note: Refers to the person mentioned earlier in the narrative.

शरोलोममात्रम् (śarolomamātram) - a fleeting moment (only a hair of an arrow; a very short measure of time)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaralomamātra

śaralomamātra - only a hair of an arrow, a very short measure

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+loman+mātra)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• loman – hair, fur
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – measure, only, mere
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'bhuktvā yugagaṇam'.

भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having experienced (having eaten, having enjoyed, having experienced)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root bhuj (class 7) + -tvā suffix

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating completion of an action before the main verb.

युगगणम् (yugagaṇam) - a multitude of ages (a multitude of ages, many eons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yugagaṇa

yugagaṇa - a multitude of ages, many eons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+gaṇa)

• yuga – age, eon, yoke
  noun (neuter)
• gaṇa – multitude, group, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'bhuktvā'.

ययौ (yayau) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

त्यक्तदेहः (tyaktadehaḥ) - having abandoned his body (having abandoned the body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktadeha

tyaktadeha - one who has abandoned the body

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+deha)

• tyakta – abandoned, relinquished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root tyaj (class 1)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• deha – body
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'asau'.

सुरागारम् (surāgāram) - the abode of the gods (abode of gods, heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of surāgāra

surāgāra - abode of gods, heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+āgāra)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• āgāra – house, dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb 'yayau'.

मुक्तनिडः (muktaniḍaḥ) - freed from its nest (one whose nest is released, freed from the nest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktaniḍa

muktaniḍa - one whose nest is released/freed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+niḍa)

• mukta – released, freed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root muc (class 6)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• niḍa – nest
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'khagaḥ'.

खगः (khagaḥ) - a bird (bird (one who moves in the sky))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaga

khaga - bird, one who moves in the sky

Derived from kha (sky) + ga (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, ether
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (class 1)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, like, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the simile.