योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-27, verse-32

धीरोऽप्यतिबहुज्ञोऽपि कुलजोऽपि महानपि ।
तृष्णया बध्यते जन्तुः सिंहः शृङ्खलया यथा ॥ ३२ ॥

dhīro'pyatibahujño'pi kulajo'pi mahānapi ,
tṛṣṇayā badhyate jantuḥ siṃhaḥ śṛṅkhalayā yathā 32

32. dhīraḥ api ati-bahujñaḥ api kulajaḥ api mahān api
tṛṣṇayā badhyate jantuḥ siṃhaḥ śṛṅkhalayā yathā

32. yathā siṃhaḥ śṛṅkhalayā badhyate,
dhīraḥ api ati-bahujñaḥ api kulajaḥ api mahān api jantuḥ tṛṣṇayā badhyate

32. Even if one is steady, extremely knowledgeable, of noble birth, or great, a being is bound by craving (tṛṣṇā) just as a lion is bound by a chain.

Words meanings summery:

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steady (steady, firm, patient, wise, brave)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

• अति-बहुज्ञः (ati-bahujñaḥ) - extremely knowledgeable (very knowledgeable, highly learned)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

• कुलजः (kulajaḥ) - of noble birth (well-born, of noble family, high-born)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, mighty, large, noble)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

• तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving (tṛṣṇā) (by craving, by thirst, by desire)

• बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound (is bound, is tied, is restrained)

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a being (creature, being, man, animal)

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - a lion (lion)

• शृङ्खलया (śṛṅkhalayā) - by a chain (by a chain, by a fetter)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

Words meanings and morphology

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steady (steady, firm, patient, wise, brave)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - steady, wise, patient, brave, firm

Note: Refers to a 'jantuḥ' (being)

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अति-बहुज्ञः (ati-bahujñaḥ) - extremely knowledgeable (very knowledgeable, highly learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ati-bahujña

ati-bahujña - very learned, highly knowing

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+bahujña)

• ati – very, excessive
  indeclinable
• bahujña – very learned, knowing much
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to a 'jantuḥ' (being)

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

कुलजः (kulajaḥ) - of noble birth (well-born, of noble family, high-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulaja

kulaja - well-born, of good family, high-born

Compound: kula (family) + ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+ja)

• kula – family, race, noble lineage
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix derived from root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to a 'jantuḥ' (being)

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

महान् (mahān) - great (great, mighty, large, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, noble

Note: Refers to a 'jantuḥ' (being)

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving (tṛṣṇā) (by craving, by thirst, by desire)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - craving, thirst, desire

Derived from root 'tṛṣ' (to be thirsty)

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agent by which the binding occurs

बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound (is bound, is tied, is restrained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of badh

Root: bandh (class 9)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a being (creature, being, man, animal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, man, animal

Root: jan (class 4)

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - a lion (lion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Used in a simile

शृङ्खलया (śṛṅkhalayā) - by a chain (by a chain, by a fetter)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śṛṅkhalā

śṛṅkhalā - chain, fetter

Note: Agent by which the lion is bound

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison