योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-85, verse-31

एवमालोक्य शुद्धेन परेण स्वेन चेतसा ।
भृशं विस्मयमापन्नः किमेतत्कथमित्यलम् ॥ ३१ ॥

evamālokya śuddhena pareṇa svena cetasā ,
bhṛśaṃ vismayamāpannaḥ kimetatkathamityalam 31

31. evam ālokya śuddhena pareṇa svena cetasā bhṛśam
vismayam āpannaḥ kim etat katham iti alam

31. evam śuddhena pareṇa svena cetasā ālokya bhṛśam
vismayam āpannaḥ kim etat katham iti alam

31. Thus perceiving with a pure, supreme, and his own consciousness, he became exceedingly astonished, wondering 'What is this? How can this be?'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked

• शुद्धेन (śuddhena) - by the pure, with the pure

• परेण (pareṇa) - by the supreme, by the other, by the excellent

• स्वेन (svena) - by one's own, with one's own

• चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the consciousness

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, fallen into, reached

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?

• एतत् (etat) - this

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• अलम् (alam) - enough, greatly, sufficiently

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'lok' (to see) with prefix 'ā', forming an absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

शुद्धेन (śuddhena) - by the pure, with the pure

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śudh' (to purify), forming a PPP.

Root: śudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'cetasā' (mind/consciousness)

परेण (pareṇa) - by the supreme, by the other, by the excellent

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, other, excellent

Note: Qualifies 'cetasā' (mind/consciousness)

स्वेन (svena) - by one's own, with one's own

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own, proper

Note: Qualifies 'cetasā' (mind/consciousness)

चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the consciousness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, intellect

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'āpannaḥ'

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āpannaḥ'

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, fallen into, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'ā', forming a PPP.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject "he"

किम् (kim) - what?, why?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

Note: Interrogative

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Demonstrative pronoun

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a thought or quotation.

अलम् (alam) - enough, greatly, sufficiently

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used in the sense of 'greatly' or 'exceedingly', emphasizing the wonder.