योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-8, verse-20

प्रधानभूतस्तेष्वेव रामः कमललोचनः ।
तं विनेह त्रयोऽप्यन्ये धारयन्ति न जीवितम् ॥ २० ॥

pradhānabhūtasteṣveva rāmaḥ kamalalocanaḥ ,
taṃ vineha trayo'pyanye dhārayanti na jīvitam 20

20. pradhānabhūtaḥ teṣu eva rāmaḥ kamalalocanaḥ tam
vinā iha trayaḥ api anye dhārayanti na jīvitam

20. Among them, the lotus-eyed Rama is indeed the most important. Without him, the other three (sons) cannot sustain their lives here.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रधानभूतः (pradhānabhūtaḥ) - most important, principal, primary

• तेषु (teṣu) - among the four sons mentioned (among them, in them)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (a Hindu deity, prince of Ayodhya)

• कमललोचनः (kamalalocanaḥ) - lotus-eyed

• तम् (tam) - him (Rama) (him, that)

• विना (vinā) - without, except

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - the three other sons (Lakshmana, Bharata, Shatrughna) (three)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अन्ये (anye) - the other ones (the other sons) (other, another)

• धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they hold, they sustain, they bear

• न (na) - not, no

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

Words meanings and morphology

प्रधानभूतः (pradhānabhūtaḥ) - most important, principal, primary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhānabhūta

pradhānabhūta - become chief, become principal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pradhāna+bhūta)

• pradhāna – chief, principal, main
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, existing, past (as in past participle)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become) with the suffix -ta.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rama.

तेषु (teṣu) - among the four sons mentioned (among them, in them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (a Hindu deity, prince of Ayodhya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name); pleasing, beautiful; a dark color

कमललोचनः (kamalalocanaḥ) - lotus-eyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kamalalocana

kamalalocana - lotus-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kamala+locana)

• kamala – lotus
  noun (neuter)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: An epithet for Rama.

तम् (tam) - him (Rama) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विना (vinā) - without, except

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - the three other sons (Lakshmana, Bharata, Shatrughna) (three)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tri

tri - three

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - the other ones (the other sons) (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they hold, they sustain, they bear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dhṛ

Root verb of class 10 (or 1, with a secondary conjugation in 10th class meaning to cause to hold/sustain). Here it is causative, so class 10.

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, existence; lived, alive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jīv' (to live) with the suffix -ta, used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)