योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-8, verse-38

इत्युक्त्वा मृदु वचनं रघूद्वहोऽसौ कल्लोले मुनिमतसंशये निमग्नः ।
नाज्ञासीत्क्षणमपि निश्चयं महात्मा प्रोद्वीचाविव जलधौ स मुह्यमानः ॥ ३८ ॥

ityuktvā mṛdu vacanaṃ raghūdvaho'sau kallole munimatasaṃśaye nimagnaḥ ,
nājñāsītkṣaṇamapi niścayaṃ mahātmā prodvīcāviva jaladhau sa muhyamānaḥ 38

38. iti uktvā mṛdu vacanam raghūdvahaḥ asau
kallole munimatasaṃśaye nimagnaḥ na
ajñāsīt kṣaṇam api niścayam mahātmā
prodvīcā iva jaladhau saḥ muhyamānaḥ

38. Having thus spoken gentle words, that chief of the Raghus (Dasharatha) was submerged in a great wave of doubt concerning the sage's intention. The great-souled king (mahātmā), bewildered like someone in the rising waves of an ocean, could not find certainty even for a moment.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• मृदु (mṛdu) - soft, gentle, mild

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, saying

• रघूद्वहः (raghūdvahaḥ) - Dasharatha (descendant of Raghu, chief of Raghus)

• असौ (asau) - Refers to Dasharatha. (that one, he)

• कल्लोले (kallole) - in a great wave, in a billow

• मुनिमतसंशये (munimatasaṁśaye) - in doubt concerning the sage's opinion

• निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed, plunged, submerged

• न (na) - not

• अज्ञासीत् (ajñāsīt) - he could not determine, he did not find (he knew, he understood)

• क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - for a moment (a moment, instant)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty, decision, resolution

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - Dasharatha (great-souled, noble, magnanimous person)

• प्रोद्वीचा (prodvīcā) - rising waves, great waves

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• जलधौ (jaladhau) - in the ocean

• सः (saḥ) - Dasharatha (he, that)

• मुह्यमानः (muhyamānaḥ) - being bewildered, confused, infatuated

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `-ktvā`. `v` becomes `u` due to samprasāraṇa.

Root: vac (class 2)

मृदु (mṛdu) - soft, gentle, mild

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, tender, mild

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, statement

From root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `-ana`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `uktvā`.

रघूद्वहः (raghūdvahaḥ) - Dasharatha (descendant of Raghu, chief of Raghus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghūdvaha

raghūdvaha - chief of the Raghus, torch-bearer of Raghu's lineage

From `raghu` (ancestor of Rama) and `udvaha` (bearer, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (raghu+udvaha)

• raghu – Raghu (name of a king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, chief, leader
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `vah` (to carry) with prefix `ut`.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

असौ (asau) - Refers to Dasharatha. (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of `adas`.

कल्लोले (kallole) - in a great wave, in a billow

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kallola

kallola - large wave, billow, surge

मुनिमतसंशये (munimatasaṁśaye) - in doubt concerning the sage's opinion

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of munimatasaṃśaya

munimatasaṁśaya - doubt about the sage's intention/opinion

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+mata+saṃśaya)

• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)
• mata – opinion, intention, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `man` (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śī` (to lie, doubt) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Locative form indicating the object of immersion.

निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed, plunged, submerged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - immersed, plunged, submerged

past passive participle

From root `maj` (to sink) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: maj (class 6)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अज्ञासीत् (ajñāsīt) - he could not determine, he did not find (he knew, he understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of jñā

aorist

Third person singular aorist active with augment `a-`.

Root: jñā (class 9)

क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - for a moment (a moment, instant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, leisure

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty, decision, resolution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, decision, resolution, conviction

From root `ci` (to gather) with prefix `nis`.

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of `ajñāsīt`.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - Dasharatha (great-souled, noble, magnanimous person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (mahātmā)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Another reference to Dasharatha.

प्रोद्वीचा (prodvīcā) - rising waves, great waves

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prodvīcī

prodvīcī - a rising wave, high wave

From `pra` + `ud` + `ī` (to go).

Prefixes: pra+ud

Root: ī (class 2)

Note: Used in simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

जलधौ (jaladhau) - in the ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaladhi

jaladhi - ocean, sea (literally, 'water-receptacle')

Compound. `jala` (water) + `dhi` (receptacle).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+dhi)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhi – receptacle, container
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhā` (to place, hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - Dasharatha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of `tad`.

Note: Refers to Dasharatha.

मुह्यमानः (muhyamānaḥ) - being bewildered, confused, infatuated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muhyamāna

muhyamāna - being bewildered, confused, deluded

present passive participle

From root `muh` (to be bewildered) with suffix `-māna`.

Root: muh (class 4)