योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-20, verse-18

सुनिर्मलापि विस्तीर्णा पावन्यपि हि यौवने ।
मतिः कलुषतामेति प्रावृषीव तरङ्गिणी ॥ १८ ॥

sunirmalāpi vistīrṇā pāvanyapi hi yauvane ,
matiḥ kaluṣatāmeti prāvṛṣīva taraṅgiṇī 18

18. sunirmalā api vistīrṇā pāvanī api hi yauvane
matiḥ kaluṣatām eti prāvṛṣi iva taraṅgiṇī

18. सुनिर्मला अपि,
विस्तीर्णा,
पावनी अपि हि मतिः यौवने प्रावृषि तरङ्गिणी इव कलुषताम् एति

18. Even if inherently very pure, vast, and purifying, the mind (mati) becomes sullied during youth, just as a river (taraṅgiṇī) becomes turbid during the monsoon season.

Words meanings summery:

• सुनिर्मला (sunirmalā) - describes the inherent quality of the mind (mati) before being affected by youth (very pure, very clear, unsullied)

• अपि (api) - emphasizes the unexpected change in the mind's purity despite its initial state (even, also, although)

• विस्तीर्णा (vistīrṇā) - describes the comprehensive nature of the mind (mati) (expansive, wide, extensive, broad)

• पावनी (pāvanī) - describes another positive inherent quality of the mind (mati) (purifying, sanctifying, holy)

• अपि (api) - similar to the first 'api', emphasizing the contrast with its ultimate fate (even, also, although)

• हि (hi) - adds emphasis, reinforcing the statement about the mind's nature (indeed, certainly, because)

• यौवने (yauvane) - specifies the time when the mind becomes sullied (in youth, in young age)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - the faculty of perception and reason, which is affected by youth (intellect, mind, thought, understanding)

• कलुषताम् (kaluṣatām) - the state of being sullied or corrupted, particularly morally or mentally, achieved by the mind (impurity, turbidity, foulness, corruption)

• एति (eti) - reaches or falls into a state of impurity or corruption (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

• प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - the time when rivers become turbid due to rain and runoff, drawing a parallel for the mind (in the rainy season, in the monsoon)

• इव (iva) - introduces the simile, comparing the mind to a river becoming turbid (like, as, just as)

• तरङ्गिणी (taraṅgiṇī) - the object of comparison, becoming turbid in the monsoon (river, stream)

Words meanings and morphology

सुनिर्मला (sunirmalā) - describes the inherent quality of the mind (mati) before being affected by youth (very pure, very clear, unsullied)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sunirmala

sunirmala - very pure, very clear, unsullied

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+nirmala)

• su – good, very, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'very' or 'excellent'.
• nirmala – pure, clean, clear, spotless
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `ni` (without) + `mala` (impurity).
  Prefix: nis

Note: Modifies 'matiḥ'.

अपि (api) - emphasizes the unexpected change in the mind's purity despite its initial state (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

विस्तीर्णा (vistīrṇā) - describes the comprehensive nature of the mind (mati) (expansive, wide, extensive, broad)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vistīrṇa

vistīrṇa - expanded, widespread, extensive, broad

Past Passive Participle

From root `stṝ` (to spread) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: stṝ (class 0)

Note: Modifies 'matiḥ'.

पावनी (pāvanī) - describes another positive inherent quality of the mind (mati) (purifying, sanctifying, holy)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāvanī

pāvanī - purifying, sacred, clean

Feminine form of `pāvana` (from root `pū` 'to purify').

Root: pū (class 0)

Note: Modifies 'matiḥ'.

अपि (api) - similar to the first 'api', emphasizing the contrast with its ultimate fate (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - adds emphasis, reinforcing the statement about the mind's nature (indeed, certainly, because)

(indeclinable)

यौवने (yauvane) - specifies the time when the mind becomes sullied (in youth, in young age)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, youthfulness

Derived from `yuvan` (young man).

Note: Indicates the time period.

मतिः (matiḥ) - the faculty of perception and reason, which is affected by youth (intellect, mind, thought, understanding)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, intellect, thought, understanding

Derived from root `man` (to think).

Root: man (class 0)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कलुषताम् (kaluṣatām) - the state of being sullied or corrupted, particularly morally or mentally, achieved by the mind (impurity, turbidity, foulness, corruption)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaluṣatā

kaluṣatā - impurity, turbidity, foulness, corruption

Derived from `kaluṣa` (impure) with suffix `tā` (abstract noun).

Note: Object of the verb 'eti', meaning 'attains'.

एति (eti) - reaches or falls into a state of impurity or corruption (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root verb of the 2nd class (Adādi).

Root: i (class 0)

प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - the time when rivers become turbid due to rain and runoff, drawing a parallel for the mind (in the rainy season, in the monsoon)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon

इव (iva) - introduces the simile, comparing the mind to a river becoming turbid (like, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

तरङ्गिणी (taraṅgiṇī) - the object of comparison, becoming turbid in the monsoon (river, stream)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of taraṅgiṇī

taraṅgiṇī - river, stream (lit. 'having waves')

Derived from `taraṅga` (wave) with suffix `inī` (feminine possessive).

Note: Subject in the comparative clause, implicitly 'becomes turbid'.