योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-20, verse-19

शक्यते घनकल्लोला भीमा लङ्घयितुं नदी ।
न तु तारुण्यतरला तृष्णातरलितान्तरा ॥ १९ ॥

śakyate ghanakallolā bhīmā laṅghayituṃ nadī ,
na tu tāruṇyataralā tṛṣṇātaralitāntarā 19

19. śakyate ghanakallolā bhīmā laṅghayitum nadī
na tu tāruṇyataralā tṛṣṇātaralitāntarā

19. ghanakallolā bhīmā nadī laṅghayitum śakyate,
tu tāruṇyataralā tṛṣṇātaralitāntarā (tṛṣṇā) na (śakyate)

19. A formidable river with mighty waves can be crossed, but not the craving (tṛṣṇā) which is unsteady because of youth and has an agitated inner core due to desire.

Words meanings summery:

• शक्यते (śakyate) - indicates the possibility of crossing the river (nadī) (is possible, can be done, is able)

• घनकल्लोला (ghanakallolā) - describes the formidable nature of the river to be crossed (having dense/mighty waves, characterized by powerful surges)

• भीमा (bhīmā) - another description of the river's intimidating quality (formidable, terrifying, dreadful)

• लङ्घयितुम् (laṅghayitum) - the action that is possible with the formidable river (to cross, to jump over, to overcome)

• नदी (nadī) - the literal river, used for comparison to 'tṛṣṇā' (craving) (river, stream)

• न (na) - negates the possibility of overcoming the craving (tṛṣṇā) (not, no)

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting statement about the difficulty of overcoming craving (but, on the other hand, however)

• तारुण्यतरला (tāruṇyataralā) - describes the nature of craving (tṛṣṇā) when influenced by youth, making it hard to control (unsteady due to youth, fickle because of young age)

• तृष्णातरलितान्तरा (tṛṣṇātaralitāntarā) - describes the profound internal disturbance caused by intense desire (tṛṣṇā), making it uncontrollable (whose inner self is agitated by craving, whose core is disturbed by desire)

Words meanings and morphology

शक्यते (śakyate) - indicates the possibility of crossing the river (nadī) (is possible, can be done, is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Tense, Passive Voice

Root verb of the 5th class (Svādi) in passive form.

Root: śak (class 0)

घनकल्लोला (ghanakallolā) - describes the formidable nature of the river to be crossed (having dense/mighty waves, characterized by powerful surges)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghanakallola

ghanakallola - having dense/mighty waves

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghana+kallola)

• ghana – dense, thick, mighty, compact
  adjective (masculine)
• kallola – wave, billow, surge
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'nadī'.

भीमा (bhīmā) - another description of the river's intimidating quality (formidable, terrifying, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - formidable, terrifying, dreadful

Derived from root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 0)

Note: Modifies 'nadī'.

लङ्घयितुम् (laṅghayitum) - the action that is possible with the formidable river (to cross, to jump over, to overcome)

(verb)

infinitive of laṅgh

Infinitive

Causative form of root `laṅgh` (to leap) + infinitive suffix `tumun`.

Root: laṅgh (class 0)

Note: Used with 'śakyate'.

नदी (nadī) - the literal river, used for comparison to 'tṛṣṇā' (craving) (river, stream)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Subject of the 'śakyate laṅghayitum' clause.

न (na) - negates the possibility of overcoming the craving (tṛṣṇā) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting statement about the difficulty of overcoming craving (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

तारुण्यतरला (tāruṇyataralā) - describes the nature of craving (tṛṣṇā) when influenced by youth, making it hard to control (unsteady due to youth, fickle because of young age)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tāruṇyatarala

tāruṇyatarala - unsteady due to youth

Compound type : pañcamī tatpuruṣa (tāruṇya+tarala)

• tāruṇya – youth, youthfulness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `taruṇa` (young).
• tarala – unsteady, fickle, agitated, tremulous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies implied 'tṛṣṇā' (craving, personified as a river).

तृष्णातरलितान्तरा (tṛṣṇātaralitāntarā) - describes the profound internal disturbance caused by intense desire (tṛṣṇā), making it uncontrollable (whose inner self is agitated by craving, whose core is disturbed by desire)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇātaralitāntara

tṛṣṇātaralitāntara - whose inner self is agitated by craving

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tṛṣṇā+taralita+antara)

• tṛṣṇā – craving, thirst, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `tṛṣ` (to thirst).
  Root: tṛṣ (class 0)
• taralita – agitated, stirred, made unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (causative)
  From the causative `taralayati` of root `taral` (to move, tremble).
  Root: taral (class 0)
• antara – interior, inner self, core, interval
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies implied 'tṛṣṇā' (craving, personified as a river).