योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-20, verse-39

हर्षमायाति यो मोहात्पुरुषः क्षणभङ्गिना ।
यौवनेन महामुग्धः स वै नरमृगः स्मृतः ॥ ३९ ॥

harṣamāyāti yo mohātpuruṣaḥ kṣaṇabhaṅginā ,
yauvanena mahāmugdhaḥ sa vai naramṛgaḥ smṛtaḥ 39

39. harṣam āyāti yaḥ mohāt puruṣaḥ kṣaṇabhaṅginā
yauvanena mahāmugdhaḥ saḥ vai naramṛgaḥ smṛtaḥ

39. yaḥ puruṣaḥ mohāt kṣaṇabhaṅginā yauvanena harṣam āyāti,
sa mahāmugdhaḥ vai naramṛgaḥ smṛtaḥ.

39. That person who, out of delusion (moha), rejoices in fleeting youth is indeed greatly deluded (mahāmugdhaḥ); he is considered a human animal (naramṛga).

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration

• आयाति (āyāti) - experiences (joy) (comes, approaches, obtains, experiences)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion (moha) (from delusion, out of infatuation, due to ignorance)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a human being (person, man, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

• क्षणभङ्गिना (kṣaṇabhaṅginā) - by (the means of) fleeting (by the transient, by the momentary, by the perishable)

• यौवनेन (yauvanena) - in (the form of) youth (by youth, by means of youth)

• महामुग्धः (mahāmugdhaḥ) - greatly deluded, extremely foolish, intensely infatuated

• सः (saḥ) - he, that, that one

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly, surely

• नरमृगः (naramṛgaḥ) - man-beast, human animal

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, recalled, considered, regarded)

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration

from root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ

Note: Object of the verb 'āyāti' in the idiom 'harṣam āyāti' (to experience joy).

आयाति (āyāti) - experiences (joy) (comes, approaches, obtains, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āi

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

root: i (to go), upasarga: ā

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'āyāti'.

मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion (moha) (from delusion, out of infatuation, due to ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, ignorance, bewilderment

from root muh (to be deluded)

Root: muh

Note: Indicates the cause or origin.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a human being (person, man, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'āyāti'.

क्षणभङ्गिना (kṣaṇabhaṅginā) - by (the means of) fleeting (by the transient, by the momentary, by the perishable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kṣaṇabhaṅgin

kṣaṇabhaṅgin - transient, momentary, perishable, fleeting

kṣaṇa (moment) + bhaṅgin (breaking, perishable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaṇa+bhaṅgin)

• kṣaṇa – a moment, an instant
  noun (masculine)
• bhaṅgin – breaking, perishing, fragile
  adjective (masculine)
  from root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj

Note: Agrees with 'yauvanena'.

यौवनेन (yauvanena) - in (the form of) youth (by youth, by means of youth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, youthfulness

derived from yuvan (young) with suffix -a

Note: Indicates the means or instrument of joy.

महामुग्धः (mahāmugdhaḥ) - greatly deluded, extremely foolish, intensely infatuated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmugdha

mahāmugdha - greatly deluded, extremely foolish, intensely infatuated

mahā (great) + mugdha (deluded)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mugdha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• mugdha – deluded, foolish, infatuated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root muh (to be deluded)
  Root: muh

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ puruṣaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly, surely

(indeclinable)

नरमृगः (naramṛgaḥ) - man-beast, human animal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naramṛga

naramṛga - man-beast, human animal

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+mṛga)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• mṛga – animal, beast, deer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative with 'smṛtaḥ'.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, recalled, considered, regarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, considered, regarded

Past Passive Participle

root: smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here as a predicate, meaning 'is considered' or 'is known as'.