वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-13, verse-8

निद्राभिभूते तु तदा कुम्भकर्णे दशाननः ।
देवर्षियक्षगन्धर्वान्बाधते स्म स नित्यशः ॥८॥

8. nidrābhibhūte tu tadā kumbhakarṇe daśānanaḥ ,
devarṣiyakṣagandharvānbādhate sma sa nityaśaḥ.

8. nidrābhibhūte tu tadā kumbhakarṇe daśānanaḥ
devarṣiyakṣagandharvān bādhate sma saḥ nityaśaḥ

8. But then, with Kumbhakarna overcome by sleep, Ravana, the ten-headed one, would constantly torment the gods, sages, yakṣas, and gandharvas.

Words meanings summery:

• निद्राभिभूते (nidrābhibhūte) - overcome by sleep; overpowered by sleep

• तु (tu) - but; however; indeed

• तदा (tadā) - then; at that time

• कुम्भकर्णे (kumbhakarṇe) - in/on Kumbhakarna; when Kumbhakarna

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - the ten-headed one (referring to Ravana)

• देवर्षियक्षगन्धर्वान् (devarṣiyakṣagandharvān) - gods, sages, yakṣas, and gandharvas (celestial beings)

• बाधते (bādhate) - torments; oppresses; afflicts

• स्म (sma) - (particle used to express past tense with a present verb)

• सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he)

• नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly; always; perpetually

Words meanings and morphology

निद्राभिभूते (nidrābhibhūte) - overcome by sleep; overpowered by sleep

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nidrābhibhūta

nidrābhibhūta - overcome by sleep, overpowered by sleep

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+abhibhūta)

• nidrā – sleep
  noun (feminine)
• abhibhūta – overcome, overpowered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be) with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'kumbhakarṇe'

तु (tu) - but; however; indeed

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then; at that time

(indeclinable)

कुम्भकर्णे (kumbhakarṇe) - in/on Kumbhakarna; when Kumbhakarna

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (a giant in the Ramayana, brother of Ravana)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'nidrābhibhūte'

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - the ten-headed one (referring to Ravana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - ten-headed (an epithet for Ravana)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth, head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Ravana

देवर्षियक्षगन्धर्वान् (devarṣiyakṣagandharvān) - gods, sages, yakṣas, and gandharvas (celestial beings)

(compound noun)

Compound type : dvandva (deva+ṛṣi+yakṣa+gandharva)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
• yakṣa – yakṣa (a class of benevolent nature spirits)
  noun (masculine)
• gandharva – gandharva (celestial musician)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'bādhate'

बाधते (bādhate) - torments; oppresses; afflicts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (particle used to express past tense with a present verb)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Daśānana (Ravana)

नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly; always; perpetually

(indeclinable)

Formed with adverbial suffix -śas