वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-13, verse-28

तृतीयः पुरुषो नास्ति यश्चरेद्व्रतमीदृशम् ।
व्रतं सुदुश्चरं ह्येतन्मयैवोत्पादितं पुरा ॥२८॥

28. tṛtīyaḥ puruṣo nāsti yaścaredvratamīdṛśam ,
vrataṃ suduścaraṃ hyetanmayaivotpāditaṃ purā.

28. tṛtīyaḥ puruṣaḥ na asti yaḥ caret vratam īdṛśam
vratam sudurcaram hi etat mayā eva utpāditam purā

28. yaḥ īdṛśam vratam caret,
tṛtīyaḥ puruṣaḥ na asti.
hi etat vratam sudurcaram.
purā mayā eva utpāditam.

28. There is no third person (puruṣa) who could perform such a vow. Indeed, this vow is extremely difficult to observe; it was created by me alone in ancient times.

Words meanings summery:

• तृतीयः (tṛtīyaḥ) - third

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person (puruṣa) (person, man, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever (who, which, that)

• चरेत् (caret) - could perform, should perform (should perform, may perform, should observe)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - (such a) vow (vow, observance)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

• व्रतम् (vratam) - this vow (vow, observance)

• सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - extremely difficult to observe (very difficult to perform/observe)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this, that)

• मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Maheśvara) (by me)

• एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, just, indeed, even)

• उत्पादितम् (utpāditam) - created, originated (created, produced, generated, caused)

• पुरा (purā) - in ancient times, formerly (formerly, anciently, previously, in the past)

Words meanings and morphology

तृतीयः (tṛtīyaḥ) - third

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

From tri (three) + tīya suffix

Note: Qualifies puruṣaḥ

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person (puruṣa) (person, man, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Root: pṛṣ

Note: Subject of nāsti

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense

Present 3rd person singular active of root √as

Root: as (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of yad

Note: Subject of caret

चरेत् (caret) - could perform, should perform (should perform, may perform, should observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Optative mood

Optative 3rd person singular active of root √car

Root: car (class 1)

व्रतम् (vratam) - (such a) vow (vow, observance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

Root: vṛ

Note: Direct object of caret

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

From idam + dṛś (like, resembling)

Note: Qualifies vratam

व्रतम् (vratam) - this vow (vow, observance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

Root: vṛ

Note: Subject of implicit verb 'is' and utpāditam

सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - extremely difficult to observe (very difficult to perform/observe)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurcara

sudurcara - very difficult to perform/observe, very hard to traverse

Compound of su (very) + durcara (difficult to perform)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+durcara)

• su – good, well, very (intensifier)
  indeclinable
• durcara – difficult to perform/observe
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound of dur (badly, difficult) and cara (moving, practicing)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for vratam

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle

एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun, referring to what is near or present)

Nominative singular neuter of etad

Note: Agrees with vratam

मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Maheśvara) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (1st person pronoun)

Instrumental singular of asmad

Note: Agent in passive construction

एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, just, indeed, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

उत्पादितम् (utpāditam) - created, originated (created, produced, generated, caused)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utpādita

utpādita - produced, generated, created, caused

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

From causal of √pad (to go, move) with prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for vratam

पुरा (purā) - in ancient times, formerly (formerly, anciently, previously, in the past)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time