वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-7

तान्दृष्ट्वा राक्षसाः सर्वे द्रवमाणान् वनौकसः ।
नेदुस्ते सिंहवद्धृष्टा राक्षसा जितकाशिनः ॥७॥

7. tāndṛṣṭvā rākṣasāḥ sarve dravamāṇān vanaukasaḥ ,
neduste siṃhavaddhṛṣṭā rākṣasā jitakāśinaḥ.

7. tān dṛṣṭvā rākṣasāḥ sarve dravamāṇān vanaukasaḥ
neduḥ te siṃhavat hṛṣṭāḥ rākṣasāḥ jitakāśinaḥ

7. vanaukasaḥ dravamāṇān tān dṛṣṭvā sarve hṛṣṭāḥ
jitakāśinaḥ te rākṣasāḥ siṃhavat neduḥ

7. Seeing those forest-dwelling monkeys (vanaukasaḥ) fleeing, all the delighted demons (rākṣasāḥ), exulting in victory, roared like lions.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those monkeys (them, those)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• द्रवमाणान् (dravamāṇān) - fleeing, running away

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - the monkeys (forest-dwellers) (the forest-dwellers)

• नेदुः (neduḥ) - they roared, they shouted

• ते (te) - those demons (they)

• सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons

• जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - exulting in victory, showing victory, victorious

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those monkeys (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the monkeys (vānarāḥ) from the previous verse.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil spirit, a giant

Note: Subject of the verb 'neduḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to 'rākṣasāḥ'.

द्रवमाणान् (dravamāṇān) - fleeing, running away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravamāṇa

dravamāṇa - running, fleeing, flowing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √dru (to run).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vanaukasaḥ' and is the object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - the monkeys (forest-dwellers) (the forest-dwellers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - a forest-dweller, an ape, a monkey

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, home, refuge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

नेदुः (neduḥ) - they roared, they shouted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of nad

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of √nad.

Root: nad (class 1)

ते (te) - those demons (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the demons (rākṣasāḥ).

सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -vat (similarity).

Note: Adverb modifying 'neduḥ'.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, delighted, pleased, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hṛṣ (to be excited, to rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rākṣasāḥ'.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil spirit, a giant

Note: Reinforces the subject.

जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - exulting in victory, showing victory, victorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - exulting in victory, appearing victorious, manifesting triumph

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, won, vanquished, victorious
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer, to win).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, appearing, manifesting, one who shines
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun
  Formed with suffix -in from root √kāś (to shine, appear).
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rākṣasāḥ'.

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