वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-5

पाशमुद्गरदण्डैश्च निर्घातैश्चापरैस्तथा ।
कदनं कपिसिंहानां चक्रुस्ते रजनीचराः ॥५॥

5. pāśamudgaradaṇḍaiśca nirghātaiścāparaistathā ,
kadanaṃ kapisiṃhānāṃ cakruste rajanīcarāḥ.

5. pāśamudgaradaṇḍaiḥ ca nirghātaiḥ ca aparaiḥ
tathā kadanam kapisiṃhānām cakruḥ te rajanīcarāḥ

5. te rajanīcarāḥ pāśamudgaradaṇḍaiḥ ca nirghātaiḥ
ca aparaiḥ tathā kapisiṃhānām kadanam cakruḥ

5. And those night-roaming demons (rajanīcara) also caused the slaughter (kadana) of the mighty monkeys (kapisiṃha) with nooses, hammers, staffs, and other impactful blows.

Words meanings summery:

• पाशमुद्गरदण्डैः (pāśamudgaradaṇḍaiḥ) - by nooses, hammers, and staffs/clubs

• च (ca) - and

• निर्घातैः (nirghātaiḥ) - by blows, by impacts, by crashes

• च (ca) - and

• अपरैः (aparaiḥ) - by others, by other (weapons/means)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, in that manner

• कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, killing)

• कपिसिंहानाम् (kapisiṁhānām) - of the brave/mighty monkeys (of the lion-like monkeys, of the mighty monkeys)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they caused

• ते (te) - those, they

• रजनीचराः (rajanīcarāḥ) - rākṣasas, night-roaming demons (night-wanderers, demons)

Words meanings and morphology

पाशमुद्गरदण्डैः (pāśamudgaradaṇḍaiḥ) - by nooses, hammers, and staffs/clubs

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāśamudgaradaṇḍa

pāśamudgaradaṇḍa - nooses, hammers, and staffs/clubs (collectively)

Dvandva compound listing various weapons

Compound type : dvandva (pāśa+mudgara+daṇḍa)

• pāśa – noose, snare, bond
  noun (masculine)
  From root pāś (to bind)
  Root: pāś (class 1)
• mudgara – hammer, club, mallet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mudg (class 1)
• daṇḍa – staff, rod, club, punishment
  noun (masculine)
  From root daṇḍ (to punish)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 1)

Note: Means by which the action is performed

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects phrases

निर्घातैः (nirghātaiḥ) - by blows, by impacts, by crashes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nirghāta

nirghāta - blow, impact, crash, thunderbolt, destruction

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix nir, via nominalization of past participle

Prefix: nis

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Means by which the action is performed

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects phrases

अपरैः (aparaiḥ) - by others, by other (weapons/means)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Note: Qualifies implied 'weapons' or 'means'

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, in that manner

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -thā suffix

Note: Adverbial modifier

कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, killing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, killing, destruction

From root kad (to kill, hurt)

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Direct object

कपिसिंहानाम् (kapisiṁhānām) - of the brave/mighty monkeys (of the lion-like monkeys, of the mighty monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kapisiṃha

kapisiṁha - lion-like monkey, brave monkey, mighty monkey

Karmadhāraya compound meaning 'a monkey which is like a lion' or tatpurusha 'lion of monkeys'. Here implying valiant monkeys

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kapi+siṃha)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kamp (to tremble, shake) or often considered a primary noun.
  Root: kamp (class 1)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
  From root hiṃs (to injure) with prefix si, or considered a primary noun.
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Possessive, object of the slaughter

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they caused

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

perfect indicative

Third person plural perfect active of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb for the action performed by 'rajanīcarāḥ'

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Third person plural masculine nominative form of the pronominal stem tad

Note: Subject, refers to the demons.

रजनीचराः (rajanīcarāḥ) - rākṣasas, night-roaming demons (night-wanderers, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rajanīcara

rajanīcara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound of rajanī (night) and cara (moving, wandering)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajanī+cara)

• rajanī – night
  noun (feminine)
  From root raj (to dye, be red)
  Root: raj (class 1)
• cara – moving, wandering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'cakruḥ'

Previous Verse Next Verse