वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-37

दृष्ट्वा ते राक्षसाः सर्वे मकराक्षस्य पातनम् ।
लङ्कामेव प्रधावन्त रामबालार्दितास्तदा ॥३७॥

37. dṛṣṭvā te rākṣasāḥ sarve makarākṣasya pātanam ,
laṅkāmeva pradhāvanta rāmabālārditāstadā.

37. dṛṣṭvā te rākṣasāḥ sarve makarākṣasya pātanam
laṅkām eva pradhāvanta rāmabālārdiāḥ tadā

37. tadā te sarve rāmabālārdiāḥ rākṣasāḥ makarākṣasya
pātanam dṛṣṭvā laṅkām eva pradhāvanta

37. Seeing Makaraksha's death, all those demons, tormented by Rama's arrows, then fled back to Lanka.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• ते (te) - those (demons) (those, they)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rakshasas)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the demons) (all, every)

• मकराक्षस्य (makarākṣasya) - of Makaraksha

• पातनम् (pātanam) - death (the act of falling/being overthrown leading to death) (falling, death, overthrow, causing to fall)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Lanka (to Lanka (city name))

• एव (eva) - back (only/indeed to Lanka) (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• प्रधावन्त (pradhāvanta) - they fled (running away) (running forward, fleeing)

• रामबालार्दिआः (rāmabālārdiāḥ) - tormented by Rama's arrows (afflicted by Rama's arrows/power)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Action performed by the demons.

ते (te) - those (demons) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'rākṣasāḥ'.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rakshasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rakshasa (plural: demons)

Note: Subject of 'pradhāvanta'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the demons) (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasāḥ'.

मकराक्षस्य (makarākṣasya) - of Makaraksha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of makarākṣa

makarākṣa - Makaraksha (a demon's name)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (makara+akṣa)

• makara – crocodile, sea monster
  noun (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, related to 'pātanam'.

पातनम् (pātanam) - death (the act of falling/being overthrown leading to death) (falling, death, overthrow, causing to fall)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātana

pātana - causing to fall, throwing down, felling, death, destruction

action noun

From root pat (to fall) with suffix -ana.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Lanka (to Lanka (city name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (the capital of Ravana, traditionally identified with Sri Lanka)

Note: Destination of running.

एव (eva) - back (only/indeed to Lanka) (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes the destination, implying 'only' or 'indeed'.

प्रधावन्त (pradhāvanta) - they fled (running away) (running forward, fleeing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāvat

pradhāvat - running forward, fleeing

Present Active Participle

From prefix pra- + root dhāv (to run).

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main predicate describing the actions of the demons.

रामबालार्दिआः (rāmabālārdiāḥ) - tormented by Rama's arrows (afflicted by Rama's arrows/power)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rāmabālārdita

rāmabālārdita - afflicted/tormented by Rama's arrows/might

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+bāla+ardita)

• rāma – Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• bāla – arrow, strength, power
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ard (to hurt, pain).
  Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad + dā (temporal suffix).

Note: Refers to the time of the event.