वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-35

स तं दृष्ट्वा पतन्तं वै प्रहस्य रघुनन्दनः ।
पावकास्त्रं ततो रामः संदधे स्वशरासने ॥३५॥

35. sa taṃ dṛṣṭvā patantaṃ vai prahasya raghunandanaḥ ,
pāvakāstraṃ tato rāmaḥ saṃdadhe svaśarāsane.

35. saḥ tam dṛṣṭvā patantam vai prahasya raghunandanaḥ
pāvakāstram tataḥ rāmaḥ saṃdadhe svaśarāsane

35. saḥ raghunandanaḥ tam patantam dṛṣṭvā prahasya
tataḥ rāmaḥ svaśarāsane pāvakāstram saṃdadhe

35. Seeing that demon rushing towards him, Rama, the joy of the Raghus, laughed and then fixed the fire-weapon on his own bow.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - him (Makaraksha) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पतन्तम् (patantam) - rushing (towards Rama) (falling, rushing, flying)

• वै (vai) - (emphatic, often untranslated in natural English) (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed (having laughed, having smiled)

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the joy of the Raghus (joy of the Raghus, descendant of Raghu, Rama)

• पावकास्त्रम् (pāvakāstram) - the fire-weapon (fire-weapon, Agni-astra)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper noun))

• संदधे (saṁdadhe) - he fixed (the weapon) (he placed, fixed, aimed, held)

• स्वशरासने (svaśarāsane) - on his own bow

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama, subject of the sentence.

तम् (tam) - him (Makaraksha) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Makaraksha.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतन्तम् (patantam) - rushing (towards Rama) (falling, rushing, flying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patat

patat - falling, flying, rushing

Present Active Participle

From root pat (to fall/fly/rush).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

वै (vai) - (emphatic, often untranslated in natural English) (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Used for emphasis.

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed (having laughed, having smiled)

(indeclinable)

indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund)

Formed from prefix pra- + root has (to laugh).

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the joy of the Raghus (joy of the Raghus, descendant of Raghu, Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - joy of the Raghus, a name/epithet for Rama

Compound type : tatpurusha (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (an ancient king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root nand
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'saḥ' and 'rāmaḥ'.

पावकास्त्रम् (pāvakāstram) - the fire-weapon (fire-weapon, Agni-astra)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāvakāstra

pāvakāstra - fire-weapon, a mythical weapon associated with fire

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pāvaka+astra)

• pāvaka – fire, pure, purifying
  noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'saṃdadhe'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity), pleasant, charming

Note: Subject of 'saṃdadhe'.

संदधे (saṁdadhe) - he fixed (the weapon) (he placed, fixed, aimed, held)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (liṭ) of saṃdhā

perfect tense

Third person singular perfect middle (ātmanepada) from prefix sam- + root dhā (to place).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Main verb.

स्वशरासने (svaśarāsane) - on his own bow

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svaśarāsana

svaśarāsana - his own bow

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+śarāsana)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• śarāsana – bow (literally, seat for arrows)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the weapon was fixed.