वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-11

यत्तदा दण्डकारण्ये पितरं हतवान्मम ।
मदग्रतः स्वकर्मस्थं स्मृत्वा रोषो ऽभिवर्धते ॥११॥

11. yattadā daṇḍakāraṇye pitaraṃ hatavānmama ,
madagrataḥ svakarmasthaṃ smṛtvā roṣo'bhivardhate.

11. yat tadā daṇḍakāraṇye pitaram hatavān mama
madagrataḥ svakarmastham smṛtvā roṣaḥ abhivardhate

11. yat tadā daṇḍakāraṇye mama svakarmastham pitaram
hatavān madagrataḥ smṛtvā roṣaḥ abhivardhate

11. My rage intensifies as I recall that you killed my father, who was steadfast in his own duty (dharma), in the Daṇḍaka forest, in my presence.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - because (of that) (that which, because, since)

• तदा (tadā) - then (at the time of the killing) (then, at that time)

• दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

• पितरम् (pitaram) - my father (father)

• हतवान् (hatavān) - (you) killed (killed, smitten, slain)

• मम (mama) - my (father) (my, mine)

• मदग्रतः (madagrataḥ) - in my presence (in my presence, before me)

• स्वकर्मस्थम् (svakarmastham) - steadfast in his own duty (dharma) (engaged in one's own duty (dharma), steadfast in one's actions)

• स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - remembering (this deed) (having remembered, remembering)

• रोषः (roṣaḥ) - my rage (anger, wrath, rage)

• अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - intensifies, grows (my rage) (increases, grows, develops)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - because (of that) (that which, because, since)

(indeclinable)

Subordinating conjunction.

तदा (tadā) - then (at the time of the killing) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'.

दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest mentioned in epics)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍaka+araṇya)

• daṇḍaka – Daṇḍaka (name of a forest or region)
  proper noun (neuter)
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

पितरम् (pitaram) - my father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of 'hatavān'.

हतवान् (hatavān) - (you) killed (killed, smitten, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to destroy

Past Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular from 'han' (with suffix 'ktavat'). Implies agent.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Acts as a finite verb in combination with its implied subject.

मम (mama) - my (father) (my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Possessive.

मदग्रतः (madagrataḥ) - in my presence (in my presence, before me)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'mat' (from 'aham') and 'agrataḥ' (in front).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (mad+agrataḥ)

• mad – I, me (stem)
  pronoun
• agrataḥ – in front of, before
  indeclinable
  Derived from 'agra' (front) with 'tasi' suffix.

स्वकर्मस्थम् (svakarmastham) - steadfast in his own duty (dharma) (engaged in one's own duty (dharma), steadfast in one's actions)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svakarmastha

svakarmastha - abiding in one's own action/duty, performing one's own proper functions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma+stha)

• sva – one's own
  pronoun
• karma – action, deed, duty (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, engaged in
  adjective
  From root 'sthā'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Accusative because it refers to 'pitaram'.

स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - remembering (this deed) (having remembered, remembering)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix 'tvā'.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

रोषः (roṣaḥ) - my rage (anger, wrath, rage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

From root 'ruṣ' (to be angry).

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - intensifies, grows (my rage) (increases, grows, develops)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular, middle voice, with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)