वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-66, verse-2

ततः प्रवृत्तं सुमहत्तद् युद्धं लोमहर्षणम् ।
निशाचरैः प्लवंगानां देवानां दानवैरिव ॥२॥

2. tataḥ pravṛttaṃ sumahattad yuddhaṃ lomaharṣaṇam ,
niśācaraiḥ plavaṃgānāṃ devānāṃ dānavairiva.

2. tataḥ pravṛttam sumahat tat yuddham lomaharṣaṇam
niśācaraiḥ plavaṅgānām devānām dānavaiḥ iva

2. tataḥ tat sumahat lomaharṣaṇam yuddham niśācaraiḥ
plavaṅgānām devānām dānavaiḥ iva pravṛttam

2. Then, that very great, hair-raising battle commenced between the night-roaming demons (niśācara) and the monkeys, resembling the conflict between the gods and the dānavas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, engaged in

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty

• तत् (tat) - that

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying, exciting

• निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the rākṣasas (by the night-wanderers, by the demons)

• प्लवङ्गानाम् (plavaṅgānām) - of the monkeys, of the apes

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods, of the divine beings

• दानवैः (dānavaiḥ) - by the dānavas (a class of demons)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -tas suffix

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, active, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty

Compound of su (good, very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, powerful
  adjective
  Participle from root 'mah' (to be great, strong), but often treated as an adjective.
  Root: mah

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying, exciting

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, causing thrill or terror

Compound of loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing excitement/bristling)

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, causing bristling (of hair), exciting
  adjective
  Causal Agent Noun
  From root hṛṣ (to be excited, bristle) in causal form + -ana suffix
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'

निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the rākṣasas (by the night-wanderers, by the demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound of niśā (night) and cara (moving, wandering)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Denotes agency (with whom)

प्लवङ्गानाम् (plavaṅgānām) - of the monkeys, of the apes

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of plavaṅga

plavaṅga - monkey, ape, literally 'one who goes by leaping'

Compound of plava (leaping) and ga (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+ga)

• plava – leaping, floating, a float
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, swim, leap)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the monkeys' (implies battle involving them)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods, of the divine beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Used in a comparison, 'of the gods'

दानवैः (dānavaiḥ) - by the dānavas (a class of demons)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - descendant of Danu, a class of demons

Patronymic from Danu

Note: Used in a comparison, 'by the dānavas'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison