वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-13

पराङ्मुखवधं कृत्वा को नु प्राप्तस्त्वया गुणः ।
यदहं युद्धसंरब्धस्त्वत्कृते निधनं गतः ॥१३॥

13. parāṅmukhavadhaṃ kṛtvā ko nu prāptastvayā guṇaḥ ,
yadahaṃ yuddhasaṃrabdhastvatkṛte nidhanaṃ gataḥ.

13. parāṅmukha-vadham kṛtvā kaḥ nu prāptaḥ tvayā guṇaḥ
yat aham yuddha-saṃrabdhaḥ tvat-kṛte nidhanam gataḥ

13. parāṅmukha-vadham kṛtvā tvayā kaḥ nu guṇaḥ prāptaḥ
yat aham yuddha-saṃrabdhaḥ tvat-kṛte nidhanam gataḥ

13. What merit have you gained by slaying one who had turned his back? Because of you, I, eager for battle, have met my demise.

Words meanings summery:

• पराङ्मुख-वधम् (parāṅmukha-vadham) - killing of one who has turned his back, slaying a fugitive

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - merit, quality, virtue

• यत् (yat) - because, since, that

• अहम् (aham) - I

• युद्ध-संरब्धः (yuddha-saṁrabdhaḥ) - eager for battle, enraged for battle

• त्वत्-कृते (tvat-kṛte) - for your sake, because of you

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, obtained

Words meanings and morphology

पराङ्मुख-वधम् (parāṅmukha-vadham) - killing of one who has turned his back, slaying a fugitive

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha-vadha

parāṅmukha-vadha - slaying one who has turned away, killing in the back

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (parāṅmukha+vadha)

• parāṅmukha – turned away, having the face averted, fleeing
  adjective (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, murder
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + āp 'to obtain'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for guṇaḥ.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - merit, quality, virtue

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, thread

Note: Subject of the passive verb prāptaḥ.

यत् (yat) - because, since, that

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of gataḥ.

युद्ध-संरब्धः (yuddha-saṁrabdhaḥ) - eager for battle, enraged for battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddha-saṃrabdha

yuddha-saṁrabdha - eager for battle, furious in fight

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yuddha+saṃrabdha)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh
• saṃrabdha – enraged, agitated, eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam- + rabh 'to seize, begin'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies aham.

त्वत्-कृते (tvat-kṛte) - for your sake, because of you

(indeclinable)

Locative form of an adjective used as an indeclinable

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tvat+kṛta)

• tvat – from you
  pronoun
  ablative of yuṣmad
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as an ablative of cause.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, demise, destruction

Note: Object of gataḥ (here means 'to meet death').

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for aham.

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