वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-12

स दृष्ट्वा राघवं वाली लक्ष्मणं च महाबलम् ।
अब्रवीत् प्रश्रितं वाक्यं परुषं धर्मसंहितम् ॥१२॥

12. sa dṛṣṭvā rāghavaṃ vālī lakṣmaṇaṃ ca mahābalam ,
abravīt praśritaṃ vākyaṃ paruṣaṃ dharmasaṃhitam.

12. saḥ dṛṣṭvā rāghavam vālī lakṣmaṇam ca mahābalam
abravīt praśritam vākyam paruṣam dharma-saṃhitam

12. saḥ vālī rāghavam mahābalam lakṣmaṇam ca dṛṣṭvā
praśritam paruṣam dharma-saṃhitam vākyam abravīt

12. He, Vāli, upon seeing Rāghava (Rāma) and the mighty Lakṣmaṇa, spoke harsh words, yet imbued with (natural) law (dharma), in a humble tone.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

• वाली (vālī) - Vāli

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakṣmaṇa

• च (ca) - and

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty, of great strength

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble, modest, bowed down

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, severe

• धर्म-संहितम् (dharma-saṁhitam) - connected with (natural) law, righteous

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma

वाली (vālī) - Vāli

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli (name of a monkey king)

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakṣmaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (brother of Rāma)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty, of great strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Lakṣmaṇa.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble, modest, bowed down

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praśrita

praśrita - humble, modest, polite

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + śri 'to lean, resort to'

Prefix: pra

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence

From vac 'to speak'

Root: vac

Note: Object of abravīt.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

धर्म-संहितम् (dharma-saṁhitam) - connected with (natural) law, righteous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-saṃhita

dharma-saṁhita - endowed with (natural) law, righteous, lawful

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+saṃhita)

• dharma – (natural) law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• saṃhita – joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam- + dhā 'to put together'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

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