वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-22

त्वं नराधिपतेः पुत्रः प्रतीतः प्रियदर्शनः ।
लिङ्गमप्यस्ति ते राजन्दृश्यते धर्मसंहितम् ॥२२॥

22. tvaṃ narādhipateḥ putraḥ pratītaḥ priyadarśanaḥ ,
liṅgamapyasti te rājandṛśyate dharmasaṃhitam.

22. tvam narādhipateḥ putraḥ pratītaḥ priyadarśanaḥ
liṅgam api asti te rājan dṛśyate dharmasaṃhitam

22. tvam narādhipateḥ putraḥ pratītaḥ priyadarśanaḥ (asi).
rājan,
te liṅgam api dharmasaṃhitam dṛśyate asti.

22. You are the son of a king, renowned and handsome (pleasing to behold). O King, a characteristic (mark) of yours is also seen that is associated with natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the listener, Rama) (you)

• नराधिपतेः (narādhipateḥ) - of a king (referring to Dasaratha, Rama's father) (of the king, of the lord of men)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• प्रतीतः (pratītaḥ) - renowned (known, understood, renowned, famous, esteemed)

• प्रियदर्शनः (priyadarśanaḥ) - pleasing to behold, handsome (pleasing to behold, handsome, beautiful, having a pleasant appearance)

• लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - a distinguishing mark or characteristic (mark, sign, characteristic, emblem, gender)

• अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• ते (te) - your (your, by you, to you)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative, addressing Rama) (O king!)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears (is seen, appears, is visible)

• धर्मसंहितम् (dharmasaṁhitam) - associated with natural law (dharma) (conforming to natural law, righteous, lawful, consistent with natural law (dharma))

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the listener, Rama) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

नराधिपतेः (narādhipateḥ) - of a king (referring to Dasaratha, Rama's father) (of the king, of the lord of men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of narādhipati

narādhipati - king, lord of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipati' (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipati)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dasaratha.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

प्रतीतः (pratītaḥ) - renowned (known, understood, renowned, famous, esteemed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīta

pratīta - known, understood, celebrated, famous

Past Passive Participle

Root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'prati'. Meaning 'understood' or 'renowned' from 'prati-i'.

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

प्रियदर्शनः (priyadarśanaḥ) - pleasing to behold, handsome (pleasing to behold, handsome, beautiful, having a pleasant appearance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyadarśana

priyadarśana - pleasing to the sight, handsome

Compound of 'priya' (dear, pleasing) and 'darśana' (sight, appearance).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (priya+darśana)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – seeing, sight, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - a distinguishing mark or characteristic (mark, sign, characteristic, emblem, gender)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, characteristic, emblem, gender

Note: Subject of 'asti' and 'dṛśyate'.

अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root 'as', 2nd class verb (asti).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Implies existence of the 'liṅgam'.

ते (te) - your (your, by you, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Also dative singular. Context indicates genitive.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative, addressing Rama) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears (is seen, appears, is visible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

Root 'dṛś', 1st class (P. dṛśyati, A. dṛśyate) or often used in passive voice (dṛśyate).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts on 'liṅgam'.

धर्मसंहितम् (dharmasaṁhitam) - associated with natural law (dharma) (conforming to natural law, righteous, lawful, consistent with natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmasaṃhita

dharmasaṁhita - connected with natural law (dharma), righteous, lawful

Compound of 'dharma' (natural law) and 'saṃhita' (connected, joined, contained).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+saṃhita)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• saṃhita – joined, connected, united, contained
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'dhā' (to place) with upasarga 'sam'. Used as an adjective.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'liṅgam'.

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