वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-29

त्वं तु कामप्रधानश्च कोपनश्चानवस्थितः ।
राजवृत्तैश्च संकीर्णः शरासनपरायणः ॥२९॥

29. tvaṃ tu kāmapradhānaśca kopanaścānavasthitaḥ ,
rājavṛttaiśca saṃkīrṇaḥ śarāsanaparāyaṇaḥ.

29. tvam tu kāmapradhānaḥ ca kopanaḥ ca anavasthitaḥ
rājavṛttaiḥ ca saṃkīrṇaḥ śarāsanaparāyaṇaḥ

29. tu tvam kāmapradhānaḥ ca kopanaḥ ca anavasthitaḥ
rājavṛttaiḥ ca saṃkīrṇaḥ śarāsanaparāyaṇaḥ

29. But you, however, are dominated by desire (kāma), irritable, and unsteady. Your royal conduct (rājavṛtti) is corrupted, and you are excessively devoted to the bow and arrow (meaning, prone to violence).

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (nominative singular))

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• कामप्रधानः (kāmapradhānaḥ) - dominated by desire (kāma) (dominated by desire, having desire as principal)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कोपनः (kopanaḥ) - irritable (irritable, wrathful, easily angered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अनवस्थितः (anavasthitaḥ) - unsteady or unstable (unsteady, unstable, unsettled, not standing firm)

• राजवृत्तैः (rājavṛttaiḥ) - in your royal conduct (rājavṛtti) (by royal conduct/duties (instrumental plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• संकीर्णः (saṁkīrṇaḥ) - corrupted (mixed, impure, corrupted, defiled)

• शरासनपरायणः (śarāsanaparāyaṇaḥ) - excessively devoted to the bow and arrow, prone to violence (devoted to the bow, having the bow as the highest object/aim)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कामप्रधानः (kāmapradhānaḥ) - dominated by desire (kāma) (dominated by desire, having desire as principal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmapradhāna

kāmapradhāna - having desire as the main factor, dominated by desire

Compound of kāma (desire) and pradhāna (principal, dominant)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+pradhāna)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• pradhāna – principal, chief, dominant, important
  adjective (neuter)
  From prefix pra- + root dhā (to place) + ana suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `tvam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कोपनः (kopanaḥ) - irritable (irritable, wrathful, easily angered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kopana

kopana - irritable, wrathful, easily angered

From root kup (to be angry) + ana suffix

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `tvam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अनवस्थितः (anavasthitaḥ) - unsteady or unstable (unsteady, unstable, unsettled, not standing firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anavasthita

anavasthita - unsteady, unstable, unsettled, not standing firm

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `a` (negation) + `avasthita`. `avasthita` is P.P.P. of root sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+avasthita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• avasthita – situated, standing, firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tvam`.

राजवृत्तैः (rājavṛttaiḥ) - in your royal conduct (rājavṛtti) (by royal conduct/duties (instrumental plural))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of rājavṛtti

rājavṛtti - royal conduct, king's duty, regal behavior

Compound of rāja (king) and vṛtti (conduct)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vṛtti)

• rājan – king, ruler, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – conduct, course of action, behavior, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used here to indicate 'in terms of royal conduct'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

संकीर्णः (saṁkīrṇaḥ) - corrupted (mixed, impure, corrupted, defiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkīrṇa

saṁkīrṇa - mixed, scattered, confused, defiled, impure, corrupted

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root `kīr` (to scatter) with prefix `sam-`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kīr (class 6)

शरासनपरायणः (śarāsanaparāyaṇaḥ) - excessively devoted to the bow and arrow, prone to violence (devoted to the bow, having the bow as the highest object/aim)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarāsanaparāyaṇa

śarāsanaparāyaṇa - devoted to the bow and arrow, having the bow as the chief object, violent

Compound of śarāsana (bow) and parāyaṇa (chief object, devoted to, goal)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śarāsana+parāyaṇa)

• śarāsana – bow (literally, arrow-seat)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of śara (arrow) and āsana (seat)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate aim, refuge, devoted to
  noun (neuter)
  From prefix parā- + root i (to go) + ana suffix
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `tvam`.

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