वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-25

साम दानं क्षमा धर्मः सत्यं धृतिपराक्रमौ ।
पार्थिवानां गुणा राजन्दण्डश्चाप्यपकारिषु ॥२५॥

25. sāma dānaṃ kṣamā dharmaḥ satyaṃ dhṛtiparākramau ,
pārthivānāṃ guṇā rājandaṇḍaścāpyapakāriṣu.

25. sāma dānam kṣamā dharmaḥ satyam dhṛtiparākramau
| pārthivānām guṇā rājan daṇḍaḥ ca api apakāriṣu

25. rājan pārthivānām guṇāḥ sāma dānam kṣamā dharmaḥ
satyam dhṛtiparākramau ca api apakāriṣu daṇḍaḥ

25. Conciliation, generosity (dāna), patience, righteousness (dharma), truthfulness, steadfastness, and valor—these are the qualities of kings, O King, and also punishment for wrongdoers.

Words meanings summery:

• साम (sāma) - conciliation, diplomacy, persuasion

• दानम् (dānam) - giving, gift, generosity

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, forbearance

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, honesty

• धृतिपराक्रमौ (dhṛtiparākramau) - firmness and valor, steadfastness and heroism

• पार्थिवानाम् (pārthivānām) - of kings, of rulers

• गुणा (guṇā) - qualities, virtues, attributes

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, staff

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अपकारिषु (apakāriṣu) - towards offenders, to wrongdoers

Words meanings and morphology

साम (sāma) - conciliation, diplomacy, persuasion

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāma

sāma - conciliation, mildness, gentle means

दानम् (dānam) - giving, gift, generosity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation (dāna)

verbal noun

Root: dā (class 3)

क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, forbearance

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, earth

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue (dharma)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, honesty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, honesty

धृतिपराक्रमौ (dhṛtiparākramau) - firmness and valor, steadfastness and heroism

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dhṛtiparākrama

dhṛtiparākrama - firmness and valor

Compound type : dvandva (dhṛti+parākrama)

• dhṛti – firmness, steadfastness, resolve
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• parākrama – valor, heroism, power
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)

पार्थिवानाम् (pārthivānām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, earthly

गुणा (guṇā) - qualities, virtues, attributes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - punishment, stick, rod

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अपकारिषु (apakāriṣu) - towards offenders, to wrongdoers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of apakārin

apakārin - wrongdoer, offender, injuring

agent noun

Agent noun from root kṛ- (to do) with prefix apa- (away, badly)

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The locative case here indicates 'towards' or 'in the case of'.

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