वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-31

हत्वा बाणेन काकुत्स्थ मामिहानपराधिनम् ।
किं वक्ष्यसि सतां मध्ये कर्म कृत्वा जुगुप्सितम् ॥३१॥

31. hatvā bāṇena kākutstha māmihānaparādhinam ,
kiṃ vakṣyasi satāṃ madhye karma kṛtvā jugupsitam.

31. hatvā bāṇena kākutstha mām iha anaparādhinam
kim vakṣyasi satām madhye karma kṛtvā jugupsitam

31. kākutstha ! iha anaparādhinam mām bāṇena hatvā,
jugupsitam karma kṛtvā satām madhye kim vakṣyasi ?

31. O Kakutstha, having killed me, who am innocent, here with an arrow, what will you say in the assembly of the virtuous (satām) after performing such a detestable action (karma)?

Words meanings summery:

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by an arrow (instrumental singular))

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Kakutstha (referring to Rāma) (O descendant of Kakutstha (vocative singular), referring to Rāma)

• माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative singular))

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, now)

• अनपराधिनम् (anaparādhinam) - innocent (innocent, faultless, not offending (accusative singular))

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why (interrogative pronoun/adverb))

• वक्ष्यसि (vakṣyasi) - will you say (you will say, you will speak)

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (satām) (of the good, of the righteous, of the virtuous (genitive plural))

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the assembly / amidst (in the midst, among, in the middle (locative singular))

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

• जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - detestable (detestable, censurable, abhorrent, blameworthy (accusative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root han (to strike/kill) + tvā suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: It is an indeclinable past participle (absolutive).

बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by an arrow (instrumental singular))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, dart

Note: Instrument of killing.

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Kakutstha (referring to Rāma) (O descendant of Kakutstha (vocative singular), referring to Rāma)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet of Rāma)

Patronymic from Kakutstha.

Note: Addressed to Rāma.

माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of `hatvā`.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

अनपराधिनम् (anaparādhinam) - innocent (innocent, faultless, not offending (accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anaparādhin

anaparādhin - innocent, faultless, not offending

Formed from `an` (negation) + `aparādhin` (offender, faulty).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+aparādhin)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• aparādhin – offender, faulty, guilty
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix apa- + root rādh (to succeed, be faulty) + in suffix
  Prefix: apa
  Root: rādh (class 4)

किम् (kim) - what (what, why (interrogative pronoun/adverb))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Object of `vakṣyasi`.

वक्ष्यसि (vakṣyasi) - will you say (you will say, you will speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active Indicative

2nd person singular future indicative active (from root vac, class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (satām) (of the good, of the righteous, of the virtuous (genitive plural))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, righteous, existing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Possessive, related to `madhye`.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the assembly / amidst (in the midst, among, in the middle (locative singular))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, midst, center, intermediate

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, fate, ritual action, duty

From root kṛ (to do) + man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `kṛtvā`.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ (to do) + tvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It is an indeclinable past participle (absolutive).

जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - detestable (detestable, censurable, abhorrent, blameworthy (accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jugupsita

jugupsita - detested, censured, abhorrent, blameworthy

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of the desiderative stem of root gup (to protect, to censure)

Root: gup (class 1)

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