वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-21

फलमूलाशनं नित्यं वानरं वनगोचरम् ।
मामिहाप्रतियुध्यन्तमन्येन च समागतम् ॥२१॥

21. phalamūlāśanaṃ nityaṃ vānaraṃ vanagocaram ,
māmihāpratiyudhyantamanyena ca samāgatam.

21. phalamūlāśanam nityam vānaram vanagocaram
mām iha apratiyudhyantam anyena ca samāgatam

21. iha nityam phalamūlāśanam vanagocaram apratiyudhyantam ca anyena samāgatam vānaram mām (haṃsi,
from previous verse)

21. Why do you kill me, a monkey, who habitually consumes fruits and roots, who roams the forest, who is not fighting back here, and who is already engaged with another (foe)?

Words meanings summery:

• फलमूलाशनम् (phalamūlāśanam) - one who subsists on fruits and roots (describing a monkey) (one who eats fruits and roots, subsisting on fruits and roots)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - habitually (always, constantly, habitually)

• वानरम् (vānaram) - a monkey (accusative) (a monkey, belonging to monkeys)

• वनगोचरम् (vanagocaram) - one who roams the forest (describing a monkey) (moving in the forest, dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller)

• माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation/place) (here, in this world, now)

• अप्रतियुध्यन्तम् (apratiyudhyantam) - not fighting back (not fighting back, not resisting)

• अन्येन (anyena) - with another (foe/person) (by another, with another)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समागतम् (samāgatam) - engaged/joined (with another in battle) (arrived, met, come together, united, joined)

Words meanings and morphology

फलमूलाशनम् (phalamūlāśanam) - one who subsists on fruits and roots (describing a monkey) (one who eats fruits and roots, subsisting on fruits and roots)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalamūlāśana

phalamūlāśana - one who eats fruits and roots

Compound of phala (fruit), mūla (root), and āśana (eating/food).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (phala+mūla+āśana)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'aś' (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'mām' (me).

नित्यम् (nityam) - habitually (always, constantly, habitually)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nitya

nitya - constant, eternal, perpetual, regular

Note: Agrees with 'mām' (me) as an adjective, or adverbially modifying 'phalamūlāśanam'.

वानरम् (vānaram) - a monkey (accusative) (a monkey, belonging to monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Derived from 'vana' (forest).

Note: Object of implicit verb 'haṃsi' from previous verse.

वनगोचरम् (vanagocaram) - one who roams the forest (describing a monkey) (moving in the forest, dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanagocara

vanagocara - moving in the forest, forest-dweller

Compound of vana (forest) and gocara (moving, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – range, scope, pasture, moving in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'go' (cattle) + 'cara' (moving) - lit. 'cattle-grazing ground', by extension 'range', 'sphere', and one who moves in it.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

Note: Object of implicit verb 'haṃsi' from previous verse.

इह (iha) - here (in this situation/place) (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

अप्रतियुध्यन्तम् (apratiyudhyantam) - not fighting back (not fighting back, not resisting)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apratiyudhyat

apratiyudhyat - not fighting back, not resisting

Present Active Participle (negative)

Formed with negation 'a' and root 'yudh' (to fight) with upasarga 'prati'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+pratiyudhyat)

• a – not, un-, in-
  prefix
  Negation prefix.
• prati – against, towards, in return
  upasarga
• yudhyat – fighting, battling
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'yudh' (to fight) 4th class.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

अन्येन (anyena) - with another (foe/person) (by another, with another)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to Sugriva (Vali is speaking).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

समागतम् (samāgatam) - engaged/joined (with another in battle) (arrived, met, come together, united, joined)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāgata

samāgata - arrived, met, come together, joined, united

Past Passive Participle

Root 'gam' (to go) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

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