वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-1

ततः शरेणाभिहतो रामेण रणकर्कशः ।
पपात सहसा वाली निकृत्त इव पादपः ॥१॥

1. tataḥ śareṇābhihato rāmeṇa raṇakarkaśaḥ ,
papāta sahasā vālī nikṛtta iva pādapaḥ.

1. tataḥ śareṇa abhihataḥ rāmeṇa raṇakarkaśaḥ
papāta sahasā vālī nikṛttaḥ iva pādapaḥ

1. tataḥ raṇakarkaśaḥ vālī rāmeṇa śareṇa
abhihataḥ sahasā papāta nikṛttaḥ pādapaḥ iva

1. Then, Vali, who was fierce in battle, was struck by an arrow from Rama, and suddenly fell like a cut-down tree.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• शरेण (śareṇa) - by an arrow

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, wounded)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• रणकर्कशः (raṇakarkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle (fierce in battle, rough in war)

• पपात (papāta) - fell (fell down, dropped)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

• वाली (vālī) - Vali (Vali (name of the monkey king))

• निकृत्तः (nikṛttaḥ) - cut down (cut down, severed, cut off)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree (tree (drinker by foot))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad'

Note: Connects to the previous event.

शरेण (śareṇa) - by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument by which Vali was struck.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes Vali.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, incarnation of Vishnu)

Note: Agent of the action 'abhihataḥ'.

रणकर्कशः (raṇakarkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle (fierce in battle, rough in war)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇakarkaśa

raṇakarkaśa - fierce in battle, rough in war

Compound noun acting as an adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+karkaśa)

• raṇa – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
• karkaśa – harsh, rough, cruel, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Vali.

पपात (papāta) - fell (fell down, dropped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pat

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'sahas' (force)

Note: Describes the manner of falling.

वाली (vālī) - Vali (Vali (name of the monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of the monkey king in Ramayana)

Note: The subject of 'papāta'.

निकृत्तः (nikṛttaḥ) - cut down (cut down, severed, cut off)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikṛtta

nikṛtta - cut down, severed, cut off

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṛt (to cut) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Describes the tree in the simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree (tree (drinker by foot))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree (literally, one who drinks by foot)

Compound noun (bahuvrīhi or upapada tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, root (of a tree)
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker (suffix from √pā to drink)
  suffix (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  Derived from root √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the tree in the simile.

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