वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-38

छिन्नचारित्र्यकक्ष्येण सतां धर्मातिवर्तिना ।
त्यक्तधर्माङ्कुशेनाहं निहतो रामहस्तिना ॥३८॥

38. chinnacāritryakakṣyeṇa satāṃ dharmātivartinā ,
tyaktadharmāṅkuśenāhaṃ nihato rāmahastinā.

38. chinnacāritryakakṣyeṇa satām dharmātivartinā
tyaktadharmāṅkuśena aham nihataḥ rāmahastinā

38. aham chinnacāritryakakṣyeṇa satām dharmātivartinā
tyaktadharmāṅkuśena rāmahastinā nihataḥ

38. I have been struck down by the elephant that is Rama, by one whose moral integrity is shattered, who transgresses the natural law (dharma) upheld by the virtuous, and who has cast away the guiding restraint (aṅkuśa) of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• छिन्नचारित्र्यकक्ष्येण (chinnacāritryakakṣyeṇa) - by one whose moral integrity is shattered

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

• धर्मातिवर्तिना (dharmātivartinā) - by one who transgresses natural law (dharma)

• त्यक्तधर्माङ्कुशेन (tyaktadharmāṅkuśena) - by one who has abandoned the guiding restraint (aṅkuśa) of natural law (dharma)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed

• रामहस्तिना (rāmahastinā) - by the elephant that is Rama

Words meanings and morphology

छिन्नचारित्र्यकक्ष्येण (chinnacāritryakakṣyeṇa) - by one whose moral integrity is shattered

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of chinnacāritryakakṣya

chinnacāritryakakṣya - whose girdle of character is broken (metaphorically, whose moral integrity is lost)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+cāritryakakṣya)

• chinna – broken, cut, severed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root chid
  Root: chid (class 7)
• cāritryakakṣya – girdle of character
  noun (masculine)

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble; a good person, a saint

Present Participle

Present participle of root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a noun, referring to virtuous people.

धर्मातिवर्तिना (dharmātivartinā) - by one who transgresses natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmātivartin

dharmātivartin - one who transgresses natural law or duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+ativartin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ativartin – transgressing, violating, overcoming
  adjective
  agent noun/adjective from ati-vṛt
  Derived from root vṛt with prefix ati and -in suffix
  Prefix: ati
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

त्यक्तधर्माङ्कुशेन (tyaktadharmāṅkuśena) - by one who has abandoned the guiding restraint (aṅkuśa) of natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tyaktadharmāṅkuśa

tyaktadharmāṅkuśa - one who has abandoned the goad of dharma

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tyakta+dharmāṅkuśa)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root tyaj
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• dharmāṅkuśa – the goad of dharma
  noun (masculine)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck, killed, smitten, slain

Past Passive Participle

PPP of ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

रामहस्तिना (rāmahastinā) - by the elephant that is Rama

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāmahastin

rāmahastin - Rama, the elephant (metaphorical compound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rāma+hastin)

• rāma – Rama (proper name of the hero)
  proper noun (masculine)
• hastin – elephant, having a hand (hasta)
  noun (masculine)

Previous Verse Next Verse