वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-28

नयश्च विनयश्चोभौ निग्रहानुग्रहावपि ।
राजवृत्तिरसंकीर्णा न नृपाः कामवृत्तयः ॥२८॥

28. nayaśca vinayaścobhau nigrahānugrahāvapi ,
rājavṛttirasaṃkīrṇā na nṛpāḥ kāmavṛttayaḥ.

28. nayaḥ ca vinayaḥ ca ubhau nigraha anugrahau
api rājavṛttiḥ asaṃkīrṇā na nṛpāḥ kāmavṛttayaḥ

28. nayaḥ ca vinayaḥ ca ubhau nigraha anugrahau
api asaṃkīrṇā rājavṛttiḥ nṛpāḥ kāmavṛttayāḥ na

28. Both sound policy (naya) and disciplined conduct (vinaya), along with the powers of punishment (nigraha) and favor (anugraha), characterize the unblemished royal behavior (rājavṛtti). Kings should not act impulsively based on their desires.

Words meanings summery:

• नयः (nayaḥ) - sound policy or political wisdom (policy, prudence, guidance, conduct)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विनयः (vinayaḥ) - disciplined conduct or humility (discipline, modesty, good conduct, training)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (referring to naya and vinaya) (both (masculine/neuter nominative/accusative dual))

• निग्रह (nigraha) - the power to punish (restraint, suppression, punishment, control)

• अनुग्रहौ (anugrahau) - the power to show favor (favor, grace, mercy, help (dual))

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• राजवृत्तिः (rājavṛttiḥ) - royal behavior (rājavṛtti) or duty (royal conduct, king's duty, regal behavior)

• असंकीर्णा (asaṁkīrṇā) - unblemished (unmixed, pure, distinct, unblemished)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers (nominative plural))

• कामवृत्तयः (kāmavṛttayaḥ) - acting impulsively based on desires (having conduct based on desire, acting arbitrarily, whimsical)

Words meanings and morphology

नयः (nayaḥ) - sound policy or political wisdom (policy, prudence, guidance, conduct)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naya

naya - policy, guidance, leader, conduct, system

From root nī (to lead) + ac suffix

Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

विनयः (vinayaḥ) - disciplined conduct or humility (discipline, modesty, good conduct, training)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - discipline, modesty, training, humility, good conduct

From root nī (to lead) with prefix vi- + ac suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (referring to naya and vinaya) (both (masculine/neuter nominative/accusative dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

निग्रह (nigraha) - the power to punish (restraint, suppression, punishment, control)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, suppression, punishment, control, subjugation

From root grah (to seize) with prefix ni- + a suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

अनुग्रहौ (anugrahau) - the power to show favor (favor, grace, mercy, help (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anugraha

anugraha - favor, grace, mercy, help, kindness

From root grah (to seize) with prefix anu- + a suffix

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+anugraha)

• nigraha – restraint, suppression, punishment, control
  noun (masculine)
  From root grah (to seize) with prefix ni- + a suffix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)
• anugraha – favor, grace, mercy, help
  noun (masculine)
  From root grah (to seize) with prefix anu- + a suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: grah (class 9)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

राजवृत्तिः (rājavṛttiḥ) - royal behavior (rājavṛtti) or duty (royal conduct, king's duty, regal behavior)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājavṛtti

rājavṛtti - royal conduct, king's duty, regal behavior

Compound of rājan (king) and vṛtti (conduct)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vṛtti)

• rājan – king, ruler, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – conduct, course of action, behavior, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

असंकीर्णा (asaṁkīrṇā) - unblemished (unmixed, pure, distinct, unblemished)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asaṃkīrṇa

asaṁkīrṇa - unmixed, pure, distinct, undefiled, unblemished

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `a` (negation) + `saṃkīrṇa`. `saṃkīrṇa` is P.P.P. of root `kīr` (to scatter) with prefix `sam-`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃkīrṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃkīrṇa – mixed, scattered, confused, defiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kīr (to scatter) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kīr (class 6)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers (nominative plural))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, monarch

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā, to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect) + a suffix
  Root: pā (class 2)

कामवृत्तयः (kāmavṛttayaḥ) - acting impulsively based on desires (having conduct based on desire, acting arbitrarily, whimsical)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmavṛtti

kāmavṛtti - arbitrary conduct, acting according to desire/whim

Compound of kāma (desire) and vṛtti (conduct)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+vṛtti)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• vṛtti – conduct, course of action, behavior, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `nṛpāḥ`.

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