वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-32

राजहा ब्रह्महा गोघ्नश्चोरः प्राणिवधे रतः ।
नास्तिकः परिवेत्ता च सर्वे निरयगामिनः ॥३२॥

32. rājahā brahmahā goghnaścoraḥ prāṇivadhe rataḥ ,
nāstikaḥ parivettā ca sarve nirayagāminaḥ.

32. rājahā brahmahā goghnaḥ coraḥ prāṇivadhe rataḥ
nāstikaḥ parivettā ca sarve nirayagāminaḥ

32. rājahā brahmahā goghnaḥ coraḥ prāṇivadhe rataḥ
nāstikaḥ parivettā ca sarve nirayagāminaḥ

32. A regicide, a slayer of a Brahmin, a killer of a cow, a thief, one who delights in killing living beings, an atheist, and a younger brother who marries before his elder – all these are destined for hell.

Words meanings summery:

• राजहा (rājahā) - king-killer, regicide

• ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - Brahmin-killer, slayer of a Brahmin

• गोघ्नः (goghnaḥ) - cow-killer, slayer of a cow

• चोरः (coraḥ) - thief, robber

• प्राणिवधे (prāṇivadhe) - in the killing of living beings, in animal slaughter

• रतः (rataḥ) - engaged in, delighting in (the killing of living beings) (devoted, engaged, delighting in)

• नास्तिकः (nāstikaḥ) - atheist, one who denies the authority of the Vedas

• परिवेत्ता (parivettā) - younger brother marrying before his elder

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (referring to the previously listed individuals) (all, everyone)

• निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - destined for hell, going to hell

Words meanings and morphology

राजहा (rājahā) - king-killer, regicide

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājahā

rājahā - killer of a king, regicide

Compound: rājan (king) + han (to kill) + kvip suffix

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+han)

• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun derived from root
  From root han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - Brahmin-killer, slayer of a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmahā

brahmahā - killer of a Brahmin, slayer of a priest

Compound: brahman (Brahmin) + han (to kill) + kvip suffix

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+han)

• brahman – Brahmin, priest
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun derived from root
  From root han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

गोघ्नः (goghnaḥ) - cow-killer, slayer of a cow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goghna

goghna - killer of a cow

Compound: go (cow) + ghná (killer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+ghna)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• ghna – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun derived from root
  From root han 'to strike, kill', with 'h' changing to 'gh' in compounds before certain sounds, and vowel strengthening.
  Root: han (class 2)

चोरः (coraḥ) - thief, robber

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cora

cora - thief, robber

From root cur (to steal)

Root: cur (class 10)

प्राणिवधे (prāṇivadhe) - in the killing of living beings, in animal slaughter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāṇivadha

prāṇivadha - killing of living beings, animal slaughter

Compound: prāṇin (living being) + vadha (killing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇin+vadha)

• prāṇin – living being, animate creature
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, murder
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From root `han` (to kill), with `vadh` as the strong form.
  Root: han (class 2)

रतः (rataḥ) - engaged in, delighting in (the killing of living beings) (devoted, engaged, delighting in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, delighting in, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, to rest)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, indicating one *who is* devoted.

नास्तिकः (nāstikaḥ) - atheist, one who denies the authority of the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāstika

nāstika - atheist, unbeliever, one who denies the existence (of God or the authority of the Vedas)

From na asti (is not) + ka suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

परिवेत्ता (parivettā) - younger brother marrying before his elder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivettṛ

parivettṛ - a younger brother who marries before his elder brother

agent noun

From pari + vid (to marry) + tṛ suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: vid (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins the preceding item to the list.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (referring to the previously listed individuals) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Refers to the collective group of offenders.

निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - destined for hell, going to hell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirayagāmin

nirayagāmin - going to hell, destined for hell

agent noun/adjective

Compound: niraya (hell) + gāmin (going, moving)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niraya+gāmin)

• niraya – hell, Hades, a place of punishment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nis
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to, destined for
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective (future participle)
  Derived from root `gam` (to go) with the suffix `in`
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `sarve`.

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