वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-10

आदित्यमिव कालेन युगान्ते भुवि पातितम् ।
महेन्द्रमिव दुर्धर्षं महेन्द्रमिव दुःसहम् ॥१०॥

10. ādityamiva kālena yugānte bhuvi pātitam ,
mahendramiva durdharṣaṃ mahendramiva duḥsaham.

10. ādityam iva kālena yugānte bhuvi pātitam
mahendram iva durdharṣam mahendram iva duḥsaham

10. kālena yugānte bhuvi pātitam ādityam iva
durdharṣam mahendram iva duḥsaham mahendram iva

10. Like the sun (Aditya) cast down upon the earth by Time at the end of an eon (yuga); hard to overpower (durdharṣa) like the great Indra (Mahendra), and hard to endure (duḥsaha) like the great Indra (Mahendra).

Words meanings summery:

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कालेन (kālena) - by time

• युगान्ते (yugānte) - at the end of an eon/yuga

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

• पातितम् (pātitam) - caused to fall, thrown down

• महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - Mahendra (the great Indra)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - hard to overcome, unconquerable, difficult to subdue

• महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - Mahendra (the great Indra)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - hard to bear, unbearable, unendurable

Words meanings and morphology

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun; a descendant of Aditi, a god

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - by time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

युगान्ते (yugānte) - at the end of an eon/yuga

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugānta

yugānta - end of a yuga or age

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+anta)

• yuga – yuga, age, eon
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

पातितम् (pātitam) - caused to fall, thrown down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown, brought down

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - Mahendra (the great Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - the great Indra; a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - hard to overcome, unconquerable, difficult to subdue

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - hard to conquer, unassailable, formidable

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - Mahendra (the great Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - the great Indra; a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - hard to bear, unbearable, unendurable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥsaha

duḥsaha - difficult to bear, unbearable, unendurable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+saha)

• dus – bad, hard, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• saha – bearing, enduring, tolerating
  adjective
  verbal adjective
  derived from root sah (to bear, endure)
  Root: sah (class 1)

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