वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-18

न त्वां विनिहतात्मानं धर्मध्वजमधार्मिकम् ।
जाने पापसमाचारं तृणैः कूपमिवावृतम् ॥१८॥

18. na tvāṃ vinihatātmānaṃ dharmadhvajamadhārmikam ,
jāne pāpasamācāraṃ tṛṇaiḥ kūpamivāvṛtam.

18. na tvām vinihatātmānam dharmadhvajam adhārmikam
jāne pāpasamācāram tṛṇaiḥ kūpam iva āvṛtam

18. aham tvaṃ vinihatātmānam,
adhārmikam dharmadhvajam,
tṛṇaiḥ āvṛtam kūpam iva pāpasamācāram na jāne

18. I did not recognize you as one whose inner self (ātman) is ruined, a hypocritical banner of (dharma) righteousness, whose conduct is sinful, like a well covered by grass.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• विनिहतात्मानम् (vinihatātmānam) - one whose self (ātman) is destroyed, one whose inner nature is ruined

• धर्मध्वजम् (dharmadhvajam) - a banner of righteousness (dharma), a hypocrite

• अधार्मिकम् (adhārmikam) - unrighteous, impious

• जाने (jāne) - I did not recognize (you previously). (I know, I recognize, I understand)

• पापसमाचारम् (pāpasamācāram) - one whose conduct is sinful, one with wicked behavior

• तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grass, with grass

• कूपम् (kūpam) - a well, a pit

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, concealed, surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

विनिहतात्मानम् (vinihatātmānam) - one whose self (ātman) is destroyed, one whose inner nature is ruined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinihatātman

vinihatātman - one whose self is killed/destroyed, one with a corrupt nature

Compound of 'vinihata' (destroyed) and 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vinihata+ātman)

• vinihata – destroyed, killed, struck down
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'ni-'.
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'tvām'.

धर्मध्वजम् (dharmadhvajam) - a banner of righteousness (dharma), a hypocrite

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmadhvaja

dharmadhvaja - banner of righteousness, a hypocrite in matters of religion

Compound of 'dharma' and 'dhvaja'.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+dhvaja)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, symbol
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'tvām'.

अधार्मिकम् (adhārmikam) - unrighteous, impious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhārmika

adhārmika - unrighteous, impious, violating dharma

Derived from 'adhārma' (unrighteousness) or directly from 'dharma' with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhārmika)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dhārmika – righteous, virtuous, devoted to dharma
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'dharma' with suffix '-ika'.

Note: Modifies 'tvām'.

जाने (jāne) - I did not recognize (you previously). (I know, I recognize, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of jñā

Present indicative (ātmanepada), 1st person singular.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used with 'na' for negation. The context implies a past non-recognition that is now realized.

पापसमाचारम् (pāpasamācāram) - one whose conduct is sinful, one with wicked behavior

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpasamācāra

pāpasamācāra - one whose conduct is sinful, evil-doer

Compound of 'pāpa' (sinful) and 'samācāra' (conduct).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+samācāra)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked, bad
  noun (neuter)
• samācāra – conduct, behavior, custom, practice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'sam-ā-car' (to behave, practice).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tvām'.

तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grass, with grass

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, straw, blade of grass

Note: Agent of 'āvṛtam'.

कूपम् (kūpam) - a well, a pit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit, hole

Note: Object of comparison for 'tvām'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, concealed, surrounded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, concealed, veiled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vṛ' (to cover, enclose) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'kūpam'.

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