वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-17, verse-43

युक्तं यत् प्रप्नुयाद् राज्यं सुग्रीवः स्वर्गते मयि ।
अयुक्तं यदधर्मेण त्वयाहं निहतो रणे ॥४३॥

43. yuktaṃ yat prapnuyād rājyaṃ sugrīvaḥ svargate mayi ,
ayuktaṃ yadadharmeṇa tvayāhaṃ nihato raṇe.

43. yuktam yat praprnuyāt rājyam sugrīvaḥ svargate
mayi ayuktam yat adharmeṇa tvayā aham nihataḥ raṇe

43. mayi svargate,
sugrīvaḥ rājyam praprnuyāt yat (tat) yuktam yat tvayā adharmeṇa aham raṇe nihataḥ (tat) ayuktam

43. It is proper that Sugrīva should obtain the kingdom upon my departure to heaven. However, it is improper that I was slain by you in battle through an act contrary to natural law (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (proper, right, appropriate, fit)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which)

• प्रप्र्नुयात् (praprnuyāt) - he should obtain (he should obtain, he might obtain, he would attain)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva (Sugrīva (name of a monkey king))

• स्वर्गते (svargate) - upon my departure to heaven (gone to heaven, deceased, gone to the celestial realm)

• मयि (mayi) - upon my (Vāli's) (in me, for me)

• अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper (improper, unfit, unrighteous)

• यत् (yat) - that, because (that, which, because)

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through an act contrary to natural law (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice, by an act contrary to dharma)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāma) (by you)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Vāli) (I)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (killed, slain)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

Words meanings and morphology

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (proper, right, appropriate, fit)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, appropriate, proper, fit, right

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which)

(indeclinable)

Neutral singular of yad, used as a conjunction.

प्रप्र्नुयात् (praprnuyāt) - he should obtain (he should obtain, he might obtain, he would attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Optative Mood

From pra- + root āp (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule

From rājan (king) + -ya suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'praprnuyāt'.

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva (Sugrīva (name of a monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of a monkey king, lit. 'beautiful neck')

Bahuvrīhi compound: su (good) + grīva (neck).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'praprnuyāt'.

स्वर्गते (svargate) - upon my departure to heaven (gone to heaven, deceased, gone to the celestial realm)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of svargata

svargata - gone to heaven, ascended to heaven

Past Passive Participle

Tatpurusha compound: svarga (heaven) + gata (gone).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gata)

• svarga – heaven, paradise, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, reached, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mayi'.

मयि (mayi) - upon my (Vāli's) (in me, for me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Locative singular.

Note: Subject of the locative absolute construction.

अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper (improper, unfit, unrighteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayukta

ayukta - not joined, improper, unfit, unrighteous, wrong

From a- (not) + yukta (proper).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• yukta – proper, fit, joined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)

यत् (yat) - that, because (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Neutral singular of yad, used as a conjunction.

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through an act contrary to natural law (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice, by an act contrary to dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, that which is contrary to natural law (dharma)

From a- (not) + dharma (natural law).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāma) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Instrumental singular.

Note: Agent of 'nihataḥ'.

अहम् (aham) - I (Vāli) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'nihataḥ'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From ni- + root han (to strike, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'aham'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

From root raṇ (to sound, to delight, to go).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of the action.

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