वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-18, verse-40

प्रसादयन्नरवृषभः स मातरं पराक्रमाज्जिगमिषुरेव दण्डकान् ।
अथानुजं भृशमनुशास्य दर्शनं चकार तां हृदि जननीं प्रदक्षिणम् ॥४०॥

40. prasādayannaravṛṣabhaḥ sa mātaraṃ parākramājjigamiṣureva daṇḍakān ,
athānujaṃ bhṛśamanuśāsya darśanaṃ cakāra tāṃ hṛdi jananīṃ pradakṣiṇam.

40. prasādayan naravṛṣabhaḥ saḥ mātaram
parākramāt jigamiṣuḥ eva daṇḍakān
atha anujam bhṛśam anuśāsya darśanam
cakāra tām hṛdi jananīm pradakṣiṇam

40. saḥ naravṛṣabhaḥ mātaram prasādayan
parākramāt daṇḍakān jigamiṣuḥ eva
atha anujam bhṛśam anuśāsya tām
jananīm hṛdi darśanam pradakṣiṇam cakāra

40. He, the foremost among men, while appeasing his mother and being resolute in his desire to go to the Daṇḍaka forest with courage, then, after thoroughly instructing his younger brother, mentally circumambulated his mother (as a mark of respect) in his heart.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रसादयन् (prasādayan) - appeasing, propitiating, causing to be gracious

• नरवृषभः (naravṛṣabhaḥ) - Rama, the foremost of men (best among men, bull among men, foremost of men)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

• मातरम् (mātaram) - his mother (Kaushalya) (mother)

• पराक्रमात् (parākramāt) - from valor, by might, due to courage

• जिगमिषुः (jigamiṣuḥ) - desirous to go, intending to go

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अनुजम् (anujam) - his younger brother (Lakshmana) (younger brother)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, thoroughly, much

• अनुशास्य (anuśāsya) - having instructed, having taught

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the act of paying respect (by mental circumambulation) (sight, seeing, paying respects)

• चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made

• ताम् (tām) - her (his mother) (her, that (feminine))

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart

• जननीम् (jananīm) - mother

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - mental circumambulation as a mark of respect (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious offering)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रसादयन् (prasādayan) - appeasing, propitiating, causing to be gracious

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasādayat

prasādayat - appeasing, propitiating

Present Active Participle

Derived from √sad with pra and causative suffix -aya. -ant suffix for participle.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

नरवृषभः (naravṛṣabhaḥ) - Rama, the foremost of men (best among men, bull among men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naravṛṣabha

naravṛṣabha - a bull among men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vṛṣabha)

• nara – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मातरम् (mātaram) - his mother (Kaushalya) (mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पराक्रमात् (parākramāt) - from valor, by might, due to courage

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, might, courage, heroism

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

जिगमिषुः (jigamiṣuḥ) - desirous to go, intending to go

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jigamiṣu

jigamiṣu - desirous of going, intending to go

Desiderative nominalization/adjective

From desiderative stem of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest region)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अनुजम् (anujam) - his younger brother (Lakshmana) (younger brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuja

anuja - younger brother, born after

anu (after) + ja (born)

Prefix: anu

Root: jan (class 4)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, thoroughly, much

(indeclinable)

अनुशास्य (anuśāsya) - having instructed, having taught

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √śās with anu prefix, -ya suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the act of paying respect (by mental circumambulation) (sight, seeing, paying respects)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, perception, philosophy, vision

From causative of √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ताम् (tām) - her (his mother) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart

जननीम् (jananīm) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jananī

jananī - mother, producer

From √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - mental circumambulation as a mark of respect (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious offering)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - clockwise circumambulation, auspicious, respectful

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