वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-18, verse-1

तथा तु विलपन्तीं तां कौसल्यां राममातरम् ।
उवाच लक्ष्मणो दीनस्तत् कालसदृशं वचः ॥१॥

1. tathā tu vilapantīṃ tāṃ kausalyāṃ rāmamātaram ,
uvāca lakṣmaṇo dīnastat kālasadṛśaṃ vacaḥ.

1. tathā tu vilapantīm tām kausalyām rāmamātaram
uvāca lakṣmaṇaḥ dīnaḥ tat kālasadṛśam vacaḥ

1. tu dīnaḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ tathā vilapantīm tām
rāmamātaram kausalyām tat kālasadṛśam vacaḥ uvāca

1. Then, the dejected Lakṣmaṇa spoke words befitting the moment to Kausalyā, Rama's mother, who was lamenting in such a manner.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - in such a manner (referring to the queen's lamentation) (thus, so, in that manner)

• तु (tu) - then (indicating a shift or sequence) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - lamenting (describing Kausalyā) (lamenting, weeping)

• ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Kausalyā) (her, that (feminine))

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalyā (Rama's mother) (Kausalyā (a proper name))

• राममातरम् (rāmamātaram) - Rama's mother

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (Lakṣmaṇa) (spoke, said)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (Rama's brother) (Lakṣmaṇa (a proper name))

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected (describing Lakṣmaṇa) (dejected, sorrowful, distressed, poor)

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, those)

• कालसदृशम् (kālasadṛśam) - befitting the moment (describing the words) (suitable for the time, timely, appropriate)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - in such a manner (referring to the queen's lamentation) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

तु (tu) - then (indicating a shift or sequence) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Connective particle.

विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - lamenting (describing Kausalyā) (lamenting, weeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, weeping

Present Active Participle

From √lap (to lament) with prefix 'vi-', and present participle suffix '-at'.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tām Kausalyām'.

ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Kausalyā) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalyā (Rama's mother) (Kausalyā (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama), princess of Kosala

राममातरम् (rāmamātaram) - Rama's mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rāmamātṛ

rāmamātṛ - mother of Rama

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rāma+mātṛ)

• rāma – Rama (proper name), pleasing, black
  proper noun (masculine)
• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)

Note: A compound referring to Kausalyā.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (Lakṣmaṇa) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Root verb with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (Rama's brother) (Lakṣmaṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (brother of Rama), auspicious mark

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected (describing Lakṣmaṇa) (dejected, sorrowful, distressed, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - dejected, sorrowful, distressed, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle

From √dī (to languish, decay) + -na suffix.

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'Lakṣmaṇaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

कालसदृशम् (kālasadṛśam) - befitting the moment (describing the words) (suitable for the time, timely, appropriate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālasadṛśa

kālasadṛśa - suitable for the time, timely, appropriate to the occasion

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+sadṛśa)

• kāla – time, season, occasion
  noun (masculine)
• sadṛśa – similar, resembling, suitable, fit
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: This is the object of 'uvāca'.