वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-18, verse-18

न चाधर्म्यं वचः श्रुत्वा सपत्न्या मम भाषितम् ।
विहाय शोकसंतप्तां गन्तुमर्हसि मामितः ॥१८॥

18. na cādharmyaṃ vacaḥ śrutvā sapatnyā mama bhāṣitam ,
vihāya śokasaṃtaptāṃ gantumarhasi māmitaḥ.

18. na ca adharmyam vacaḥ śrutvā sapatnyā mama bhāṣitam
vihāya śokasaṃtaptām gantum arhasi mām itaḥ

18. ca tvam mama sapatnyā bhāṣitam adharmyam vacaḥ śrutvā
śokasaṃtaptām mām vihāya itaḥ gantum na arhasi

18. Moreover, having heard the unrighteous (adharma) words spoken by my co-wife, you ought not to leave me, who is scorched by sorrow, and depart from here.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous, unjust, unlawful, against (dharma)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सपत्न्या (sapatnyā) - by a co-wife

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• शोकसंतप्ताम् (śokasaṁtaptām) - distressed by sorrow, scorched by grief

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• माम् (mām) - me

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous, unjust, unlawful, against (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adharmya

adharmya - unrighteous, unjust, unlawful, not according to dharma

Compound type : negation tatpurusha (a+dharmya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dharmya – righteous, lawful, just, related to dharma
  adjective (neuter)
  From dharma with suffix -ya

Note: Agrees with vacaḥ.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance, voice

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

सपत्न्या (sapatnyā) - by a co-wife

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sapatnī

sapatnī - co-wife, rival wife

Note: Agent of bhāṣitam.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Kausalya.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root bhāṣ (to speak) with suffix -ta

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vacaḥ.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root hā (to abandon) with upasarga vi and suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

शोकसंतप्ताम् (śokasaṁtaptām) - distressed by sorrow, scorched by grief

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by grief, scorched by lamentation

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• saṃtapta – scorched, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap (to heat, distress) with upasarga sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mām.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root gam with suffix -tum

Root: gam (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Object of vihāya and gantum (implied).

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates departure from Kausalya's presence.