वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-18, verse-37

तमेवमुक्त्वा सौहार्दाद्भ्रातरं लक्ष्मणाग्रजः ।
उवाच भूयः कौसल्यां प्राञ्जलिः शिरसानतः ॥३७॥

37. tamevamuktvā sauhārdādbhrātaraṃ lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ ,
uvāca bhūyaḥ kausalyāṃ prāñjaliḥ śirasānataḥ.

37. tam evam uktvā sauhārdāt bhrātaram lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ
| uvāca bhūyaḥ kausalyām prāñjaliḥ śirasā anataḥ

37. lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ tam bhrātaram evam sauhārdāt uktvā
bhūyaḥ kausalyām uvāca (saḥ) prāñjaliḥ śirasā anataḥ

37. Having thus spoken to his brother (Bharata) out of affection, Lakshmana's elder brother (Rama) then spoke again to Kausalya, his head bowed and hands folded in reverence.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bharata, implied) (him, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

• सौहार्दात् (sauhārdāt) - out of affection (out of friendship, from goodwill, out of affection)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (his) brother (Bharata) (brother)

• लक्ष्मणाग्रजः (lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ) - Lakshmana's elder brother (Rama) (Lakshmana's elder brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, then (again, further, more)

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - to Kausalya (Rama's mother) (Kausalya (proper name))

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands in reverence (with folded hands, respectful gesture)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

• अनतः (anataḥ) - bowed (bowed, bent, humble)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bharata, implied) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Object of 'uktvā'.

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak, class 2) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

सौहार्दात् (sauhārdāt) - out of affection (out of friendship, from goodwill, out of affection)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sauhārda

sauhārda - friendship, affection, goodwill

Abstract noun from suhṛd (friend).

Note: Indicates the reason for speaking.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (his) brother (Bharata) (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of 'uktvā'.

लक्ष्मणाग्रजः (lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ) - Lakshmana's elder brother (Rama) (Lakshmana's elder brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇāgraja

lakṣmaṇāgraja - elder brother of Lakshmana

Compound of lakṣmaṇa (proper name) and agraja (elder brother).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (lakṣmaṇa+agraja)

• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• agraja – elder brother
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of agra (foremost) and ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active, 3rd person singular

From root vac (class 2).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, then (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverbial form of bahu (much, many).

Note: Modifies 'uvāca'.

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - to Kausalya (Rama's mother) (Kausalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (proper name, mother of Rama)

Feminine proper name.

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands in reverence (with folded hands, respectful gesture)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - having folded hands, respectful gesture

Compound of prā (forward, before) and añjali (the hollow of the hands, folded hands).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prā+añjali)

• prā – forward, before
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• añjali – folded hands, respectful gesture
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

s-stem neuter noun.

Note: Denotes the instrument or manner of bowing.

अनतः (anataḥ) - bowed (bowed, bent, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anata

anata - bowed, bent, humble, respectful

Past Passive Participle

From root nam (to bow) with prefix ā (indicating towards/down).

Prefix: ā

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ'.