मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-53, verse-39
ऋषभाद्भरतो जज्ञे वीरः पुत्रशताद्वरः ।
सोऽभिषिच्यर्षभः पुत्रं महाप्रव्राज्यमास्थितः ॥३९॥
सोऽभिषिच्यर्षभः पुत्रं महाप्रव्राज्यमास्थितः ॥३९॥
39. ṛṣabhādbharato jajñe vīraḥ putraśatādvaraḥ .
so'bhiṣicyarṣabhaḥ putraṃ mahāpravrājyamāsthitaḥ.
so'bhiṣicyarṣabhaḥ putraṃ mahāpravrājyamāsthitaḥ.
39.
ṛṣabhāt bharataḥ jajñe vīraḥ putraśatāt varaḥ saḥ
abhiṣicya ṛṣabhaḥ putram mahāpravrājyam āsthitaḥ
abhiṣicya ṛṣabhaḥ putram mahāpravrājyam āsthitaḥ
39.
From Ṛṣabha, Bharata was born, who was a hero and the best among his hundred sons. Having consecrated his son, King Ṛṣabha took up the great ascetic life (mahāpravrājya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋषभात् (ṛṣabhāt) - from King Ṛṣabha (from Ṛṣabha)
- भरतः (bharataḥ) - the king Bharata, son of Ṛṣabha, after whom Bhāratavarṣa is named (Bharata (proper noun))
- जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, arose
- वीरः (vīraḥ) - describes Bharata as courageous and heroic (hero, brave, valiant)
- पुत्रशतात् (putraśatāt) - among his numerous sons, Bharata was the best (from a hundred sons)
- वरः (varaḥ) - describes Bharata as the best among the sons (best, excellent, superior)
- सः (saḥ) - refers to Ṛṣabha (he, that)
- अभिषिच्य (abhiṣicya) - having performed the coronation ceremony (having consecrated, having anointed)
- ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - King Ṛṣabha, son of Nābhi (bull, best, Ṛṣabha (proper noun))
- पुत्रम् (putram) - his son Bharata (son (accusative))
- महाप्रव्राज्यम् (mahāpravrājyam) - Ṛṣabha's act of abandoning kingship for asceticism (mahāpravrājya) (great renunciation, great ascetic life)
- आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - adopted or resorted to the ascetic life (resorted to, undertaken, situated)
Words meanings and morphology
ऋषभात् (ṛṣabhāt) - from King Ṛṣabha (from Ṛṣabha)
(proper noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha
ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, Lord Ṛṣabha (first Jain Tirthankara), a king's name
भरतः (bharataḥ) - the king Bharata, son of Ṛṣabha, after whom Bhāratavarṣa is named (Bharata (proper noun))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata
bharata - Bharata (name of several kings), maintained, cherished
From root bhṛ (to bear, carry, support)
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, arose
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan
Perfect middle indicative
3rd person singular perfect middle indicative (liṭ), reduplicated root.
Root: jan (class 4)
वीरः (vīraḥ) - describes Bharata as courageous and heroic (hero, brave, valiant)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra
vīra - hero, brave, mighty, powerful, valiant
Note: Qualifies Bharata.
पुत्रशतात् (putraśatāt) - among his numerous sons, Bharata was the best (from a hundred sons)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of putraśata
putraśata - a hundred sons, multitude of sons
Tatpuruṣa compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śata)
- putra – son
noun (masculine)
From root pu + tra suffix (protects from hell put) - śata – hundred
numeral (neuter)
Note: Used in the sense of 'among a hundred sons', indicating comparison.
वरः (varaḥ) - describes Bharata as the best among the sons (best, excellent, superior)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vara
vara - best, excellent, superior, boon, suitor, husband
From root vṛ (to choose)
Root: vṛ (class 9)
Note: Qualifies Bharata.
सः (saḥ) - refers to Ṛṣabha (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular
अभिषिच्य (abhiṣicya) - having performed the coronation ceremony (having consecrated, having anointed)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (absolutive)
abhi (prefix) + root sic + suffix ya. Root sic takes ṣ due to abhi.
Prefix: abhi
Root: ṣic (class 6)
ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - King Ṛṣabha, son of Nābhi (bull, best, Ṛṣabha (proper noun))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha
ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, Lord Ṛṣabha (first Jain Tirthankara), a king's name
पुत्रम् (putram) - his son Bharata (son (accusative))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son
From root pu + tra suffix (protects from hell put)
Note: Object of abhiṣicya.
महाप्रव्राज्यम् (mahāpravrājyam) - Ṛṣabha's act of abandoning kingship for asceticism (mahāpravrājya) (great renunciation, great ascetic life)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāpravrājya
mahāpravrājya - great renunciation, taking the vows of an ascetic
Tatpuruṣa compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahat+pravrājya)
- mahat – great, large, important
adjective
Stem form of mahat (great) - pravrājya – ascetic life, wandering mendicancy, renunciation
noun (neuter)
Gerundive (from pra-vraj) acting as a noun
From pra (prefix) + root vraj (to wander) + ya suffix. Gerundive often nominalized.
Prefix: pra
Root: vraj (class 1)
Note: Object of āsthitaḥ.
आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - adopted or resorted to the ascetic life (resorted to, undertaken, situated)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita
āsthita - stood, placed, resorted to, adopted, undertaken
Past Passive Participle
From ā (prefix) + root sthā (to stand) + kta (past participle suffix).
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Refers to Ṛṣabha.